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{{Short description|Result in social choice theory}}{{Electoral systems sidebar|expanded=Social and collective choice}} ...ce, then choosing policies using [[majority rule]] is unstable. There will in most cases be no [[Condorcet winner]] and any policy can be enacted through ...

{{Short description|Philosophical thought experiment about utility}} ...s leads first to counter-intuitive choices, and then to incoherence as the utility of every choice becomes unbounded. ...

...ally in investing. It was named and first discussed by [[Edward O. Thorp]] in 2008.<ref name="Wilmott II">E. O. Thorp, <cite>Understanding the Kelly Crit In general, if a bettor makes the Kelly bet on a 50/50 proposition with a payo ...

...|last1=Kirby |first1=Kris N. |title=An empirical assessment of the form of utility functions. |journal=Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, a == Assessing single-attribute utility functions == ...

{{short description|Theory that attempts to blend economics and ergodic theory}} ...ation value with time averages. In particular, the programme is interested in understanding how behaviour is shaped by [[ergodicity|non-ergodic]] economi ...

...d, like agricultural [[monoculture]]s, are subject to catastrophic failure in the event of a successful attack.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goth|first=G.|dat ...un-correlated, the chance of catastrophic event (failure of all the parts in the monoculture) is the multiplication of each component failure probabilit ...

...rst2=Michael D. |date=December 1978 |title=Toward Applicable Social Choice Theory: A Comparison of Social Choice Functions under Spatial Model Assumptions |u ...5. The title may be translated as "Essay on the application of probability theory to majority voting".</ref> ...

{{Short description|Application of quantum theory mathematics to cognitive phenomena}} ...enomena does not presuppose the existence of microscopic quantum processes in the human brain.<ref name=deBarrosSuppes2009>{{cite journal |last1=de Barro ...

...com/10.1007/978-3-030-03152-7_8|work=Understanding Risks and Uncertainties in Energy and Climate Policy|pages=183–222|editor-last=Doukas|editor-first=Har ...n of the mitigation cost into currency markets. The policy will not result in any direct costs for governments, businesses or citizens. Consequently, the ...

...ority judgment''' ('''MJ''') is a single-winner [[voting system]] proposed in 2010 by [[Michel Balinski]] and [[Rida Laraki]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cit ...[Dictatorship mechanism|dictatorship]]), MJ allows for [[tactical voting]] in cases of more than three candidates, as a consequence of [[Gibbard's theore ...

...n many branches of mathematics, including [[set theory]] and [[probability theory]], as well as other related fields such as [[computer science]]. ...tus was seven months old. As his father and grandfather had both been born in India, De Morgan used to say that he was neither English nor Scottish nor I ...

{{short description|General, formal theory of continuous quantity}} ...easurement''' or '''additive conjoint measurement''') is a general, formal theory of continuous [[quantity]]. It was independently discovered by the French e ...

...ician and naval engineer [[Jean-Charles de Borda]], who devised the system in 1770.{{sfn|McLean|Urken|Hewitt|1995|p=81}} ...eb |last1=Myerson |first1=Roger B. |last2=Weber |first2=Robert J. |title=A Theory of Voting Equilibria |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2938959 |website=The ...

...modeling of earthquakes, physics of complex systems and pattern formation in spatio-temporal structures '''Didier Sornette''' (born 25 June 1957 in [[Paris]]) is a French researcher studying subjects including [[complex sys ...

...be represented by symbolic abbreviations, and finally a "symbolic" stage, in which comprehensive notational systems for formulas are the norm. ...lo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/lebombo.html|title=OLDEST Mathematical Object is in Swaziland|publisher=|accessdate=March 15, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=h ...