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The '''gravitational constant''', denoted by {{math|''G''}}, is an [[empirical]] [[physical constant]] involved in the calculat Until 2024, no theoretical equation to calculate {{math|''G''}} was known. ...

...l=Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society | volume=s3-20| issue=2 | pages=303–320 }}</ref> ...entary list <math> \{h_i \mid 0\leqslant i \leqslant m \} </math>, where {{math|''g''_''i'' }} is the smallest number such that ...

...ent in floating point |journal=[[Journal of the ACM]] |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=316–321 |publisher=[[Association for Computing Machinery]] |place=New York, ...\mathbf{x}_3,\dots\}</math> which converges to <math>\mathbf{x}_\star\,,</math> when certain assumptions are met. ...

...erical simulation or modeling of real systems, error analysis is concerned with the changes in the output of the model as the parameters to the model [[var ...ng Biological Systems: Principles and Applications|author=James W. Haefner|pages=186&ndash;189|date=1996|publisher=Springer|isbn=0412042010}}</ref> ...

...d after [[Robert Riley (mathematician)|Robert Riley]] by them. Some subtle errors in their paper were corrected by {{harvtxt|Komori|Series|1998}}. ...rix}1&1\\0&1\\ \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix}1&0\\ \rho&1\\ \end{pmatrix}</math> ...

...(x) = \prod_{i=1}^\nu (1- x \, X_i) = 1 + \sum_{i=1}^\nu \lambda_i \, x^i</math> ...zeros are the reciprocals of the error locations <math>X_j = \alpha^{i_j}</math>. ...

:<math>y = f(x, \theta) + u</math> :<math>E[u\mid x]=0</math> ...

...math>. Consider a numerical approximation <math>u_h</math>, where <math>h</math> is a parameter characterizing the approximation, such as the step size in ...ds for Differential Equations|year=2006|publisher=University of Washington|pages=3–5|citeseerx=10.1.1.111.1693}}</ref> ...

...ions, the solution is unique in some {{math|'''Z'''/''n'''''Z'''}}, with {{math|''n'' > 0}} under some appropriate conditions on the congruences. [[Secret ...osystem|threshold]] [[secret sharing]] schemes, or {{math|''t''}}-out-of-{{math|''n''}} scheme. ...

...<math>\hat{\mu}_k</math> the corresponding corrected moment, and <math>c</math> the : <math> ...

...s (such as [[Independence (probability theory)|independence]]) and dealing with [[nonlinearity|nonlinearities]] is easier. On the other hand, a probability <math display=block>P = P_0 \cap f^{-1}(Y) ,</math> ...

...} relating observations {{math|''Y''}} explicitly in terms of parameters {{math|''X''}} (leading to the A-model below). ...tions {{math|''Y''}} (leading to the B-model below) — with no parameters {{math|''X''}} at all. ...

...a [[Function (mathematics)|function]]. For integrating over the interval {{math|[−1, 1]}}, the rule takes the form: :<math>\int_{-1}^1 f(x)\,dx \approx \sum_{i=1}^n w_i f(x_i)</math> ...

{{Short description|Codes intended to correct short, contiguous errors in a communications channel}} ...rrecting codes''' employ methods of correcting [[burst error]]s, which are errors that occur in many consecutive bits rather than occurring in bits independe ...

...values of the functions of different orders with common argument <math>x</math>. The modified Bessel functions of the first kind <math>I_n(x)</math> satisfy the recurrence relation ...

...ecial case of [[binomial regression]], with a single outcome (<math>n = 1</math>), and one of the two alternatives considered as "success" and coded as 1: ...gression models can be interpreted as [[latent variable model]]s, together with a measurement model; or as probabilistic models, directly modeling the prob ...

...|journal=The Annals of Statistics |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=1–53 | arxiv=math/0504499|doi=10.1214/009053604000001048 |s2cid=125025956 }}</ref> ...the replicate in this treatment {{nowrap|(<math>k \in \{1,\ldots,n_{ij}\}</math>)}}. ...

...respect to changes in the independent variable. The differential <math>dy</math> is defined by <math display="block">dy = f'(x)\,dx,</math> ...

...often more in the class probabilities <math>p_\ell(x), \ell = 1, \dots, K</math> themselves, rather than in performing a class assignment. |url-status=dead :<math>\hat{y} = f(x)</math> ...

...vezki - Advances in Methodology and Statistics|date=2017|volume=14|issue=2|pages=1–17|url= http://www.stat-d.si/mz/Articles.html }}</ref> and others. ...asure each subject's cholesterol level. Then all the subjects are treated with the drug for six months, after which their cholesterol levels are measured ...