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...temperature-controlled resistors, temperature-limited vacuum diodes, zener diodes, and gas discharge tubes.<ref>{{Harvnb|Motchenbacher|Fitchen|1973|p=289}}</ ...ure-dependent. Their burning voltage was under 200&nbsp;V, but they needed optical priming (pre-ionizing) by a 2&nbsp;Watt incandescent lamp prior to ignition ...

...ysics)|coherence]] of conventional [[light-emitting diode]]s. Its emission optical bandwidth, also described as full-width at half maximum, can range from 5 u ...s a key component in the next generations of [[fibre optic gyroscope]]s, [[optical coherence tomography|low coherence tomography]] for [[medical imaging]], an ...

{{Short description|Theory of laser diodes}} [[Semiconductor lasers]] or laser diodes play an important part in our everyday lives by providing cheap and compact ...

...le rectennas have long been used for [[radio wave]]s or [[microwave]]s, an optical rectenna would operate the same way but with infrared or visible light, tur ...nonlinearity and hence low efficiency. Due to these and other challenges, optical rectennas have so far been restricted to laboratory demonstrations, typical ...

...st [[optical technology]] as well as ultrahigh vacuum components. The main optical component is an ultrafast (femtosecond) laser system which generates pulses ...

...tion. Typical DPSS setups using Pr:YLF crystals consist of a hemispheric [[Optical cavity|resonator]] in which the crystal is pumped longitudinally by the pum Pr:YLF lasers, especially in combination with high power InGaN laser diodes, are of high scientific interestic because of their emission lines in the v ...

...ing a modulation both in ''amplitude'' and in ''frequency'' of the emitted optical beam. In this way, the laser becomes sensitive to the distance traveled by ...d and applications based on the retro-injection effect in commercial laser diodes appeared in the scientific literature. ...

The optical setup of a schlieren imaging system may comprise the following main section ...to a pinhole is sometimes used) placed in the focal point of a collimating optical element. ...

...title=Synthesis of fluorinated polyimides and their application to passive optical waveguides|journal=J. Appl. Polym. Sci.|year=2000|volume=77|pages=2172|doi= ...esis and property of 9,9-spirobifluorene-containing aromatic polyesters as optical polymers with high refractive index and low birefringence|journal=Polymer|y ...

...by utilizing an [[optical cavity]]—a configuration of [[mirror]]s or other optical elements that forms a [[cavity resonator]] for [[light wave]]s, allowing fo ...ar to that of conventional photodetectors, the amplification effect of the optical cavity allows RCE photodetectors to be made thinner and therefore faster, w ...

...inear equivalent of the traditional [[photovoltaic effect]] involving high optical intensities. This effect occurs when two photons are absorbed at the same t ...problems in [[semiconductor]] devices which operate based on the nonlinear optical interactions such as the [[Kerr effect|Kerr]] and [[Raman scattering|Raman] ...

...rocesses typically occur on a much slower time scale than the longitudinal optical [[phonon]] interactions that mediates the intersubband relaxation of inject ...r to those used in [[Resonant-tunneling diode|interband resonant tunneling diodes]] would facilitate the possibility of cascade lasers that use interband tra ...

...tion limit of light, and thus the image sensor is ''[[oversampling]]'' the optical resolution of the light field. Intuitively, one can exploit this spatial re ...g system. Incident light field <math>\lambda_0(x)</math> passes through an optical lens, which acts like a linear system with a diffraction-limited point spre ...

...6=J|last7=Chance|first7=B|last8=Yodh|first8=A G|date=2002-07-23|title=Bulk optical properties of healthy female breast tissue|journal=Physics in Medicine and ...urces must have the following characteristics; emission wavelength in the optical window i.e. between 650 and 1350 [[nanometre]] (nm); a narrow [[full width ...

...e unit cells. [[Intermodulation|Linearity]] (such as distortion due to the diodes) also needs to be considered to minimise [[Adjacent-channel interference|ou ...ositions of these reflectarrays can be used to achieve [[Quasioptics|quasi-optical]] [[magnification]] (narrowing of the beam).<ref name="scianella" /> ...

...(IBBCEES), measures the transmission of light intensity through a stable [[optical cavity]] consisting of high reflectance mirrors (typically R>99.9%). The te ...] and imaged onto a [[charge-coupled device]] (CCD) array via a dispersive optical element (e.g. a [[diffraction grating]]) or imaged onto the entrance apertu ...

...it greater size quantization, and therefore smaller crystals and a greater optical band gap, than thin films formed by other methods.<ref name=":0" /> These i ...try protection and warming coatings, [[Light-emitting diode|light emitting diodes]], [[solar cell]] fabrication, and [[varistor]]s.{{cn|date=August 2022}} ...

...empty or conduction band states are full.<ref name=Pankove>J.I. Pankove, ''Optical Processes in Semiconductors''. Dover, 1971.</ref> ...

...st3=Roderick W. C. |last4=Jukema |first4=J. Wouter |date=2020-12-01 |title=Optical Coherence Tomography: Current Applications for the Assessment of Coronary A ...ref>{{Cite journal |last=Schmitt |first=J.M. |date=July–August 1999 |title=Optical coherence tomography (OCT): a review |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/docum ...

# Optics and optical filters, to alter the beam and obtain desired properties <ref>{{cite journa ...ng|thumb|The unfiltered spectral output of an argon arc lamp. Typically an optical filter would be used to achieve a closer spectral match to AM1.5G.<ref name ...