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...Principles'' is ... the way in which the technical work is integrated into metaphysical argument."<ref name=Hylton/>{{rp|168}} ...Guinness (2000) ''The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870–1940: Logics, Set Theories, and the Foundations of Mathematics from Cantor through Russell to Gödel'', ...

...s raised by logic, such as the presuppositions often implicitly at work in theories of logic and in their application. This involves questions about how logic The [[#Metaphysics of logic|metaphysics of logic]] is concerned with the metaphysical status of the laws and objects of logic. An important dispute in this field ...

...sis|scientific hypotheses]], acting as a neutral arbiter between competing theories. Measurements of Mercury's "anomalous" [[orbit]], for example, are seen as ...th, ranging from weak correlation to indisputable [[proof (truth)|proof]]. Theories of the evidential relation examine the nature of this connection. Probabili ...

...of systems of this sort [on discrete time] does not depend on any serious metaphysical assumption that time is discrete; they are applicable in limited fields of ...assistant)|Isabelle]] and Zenon, with fallback to [[Satisfiability modulo theories|SMT]] solvers [[CVC3]], [[Yices]], and [[Z3 Theorem Prover|Z3]]. TLAPS proo ...

Contemporary mainstream economic theory frequently defers metaphysical questions, and merely notes or assumes that preference structures conformin ...oncerns that individuals may not always behave as portrayed in marginalist theories, highlighting complexities in human decision-making that go beyond simple o ...

Propositional theories of premises and conclusions are often criticized because they rely on abstr ..., i.e. what the objects they refer to are like. This topic is studied by [[theories of reference]].{{sfn |Michaelson |Reimer |2019}} ...

...ach could be extended to relativistic [[quantum field theory|quantum field theories]].<ref name="measurement-understood-1984">{{Cite journal|doi = 10.1007/BF00 ...der Merwe (eds.): ''Fundamental problems in quantum physics'', Fundamental theories of physics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, {{ISBN|0-7923-3670-4}}, [http ...

...s of the 17th century is created by mathematical techniques related to the theories of the architect [[Christopher Alexander]]. These techniques include making ...com/science/alexs-adventures-in-numberland/2014/dec/03/durers-polyhedron-5-theories-that-explain-melencolias-crazy-cube |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-dat ...

...ge=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Lagerlund |first=Henrik |title=Medieval Theories of the Syllogism |date=2022 |encyclopedia=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Phil ...oman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OSl3EAAAQBAJ |title=Models and Theories: A Philosophical Inquiry |date=2022-06-28 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn ...

...But its analysis brings out that it is a very strange thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties." - Marx, ''Capital, Vol. 1'', Penguin ...nd Tommaso Redolfi Riva, "Hans-Georg Backhaus: the critique of premonetary theories of value and the perverted forms of economic reality. In: Beverly Best et a ...

Between the 17th and 18th centuries, mystical theories of light were abandoned as philosophical [[rationalism]] gained ground. Fro ...ht. Finally, [[Albert Einstein]] brought together the corpuscular and wave theories.<ref>Ferrater Mora. 1991 p. 2057-2058</ref> ...