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...url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0143-0807/33/3/637 |journal=European Journal of Physics |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=637–646 |doi=10.1088/0143-080 ....16.) Archimedes – Knowledge and Lore from Latin Antiquity to the Outgoing European Renaissance |date=2019 |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19258-7_17 |w ...

...upta |year=1973 |title=The Mādhava-Gregory series |journal=The Mathematics Education |volume=(('''7'''. B)) |pages=67–70 }} ...=Mādhava's and other medieval Indian values of Pi |journal=The Mathematics Education |volume=(('''9'''. B)) |pages=45–48 }} ...

...author-link=George Gheverghese Joseph |title=The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2011 |edit | journal = The Mathematics Education ...

...he choice of tax rates by incumbent political leaders, as well as medieval European history. ...ng democracies, leaders spend more on public goods such as infrastructure, education, and regulatory agencies while in countries with small winning coalitions, ...

...edieval [[Byzantine]], [[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic]], and, later, Western European worlds. ...1991|pp=237, 274}} One of the earliest works on trigonometry by a northern European mathematician is ''De Triangulis'' by the 15th century German mathematician ...

...e]] within it,<ref name="HoSM">{{cite web |title=Science and technology in Medieval Islam |url=http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/scienceislam_education/docs/Science_and_ ...nctions and [[Hadith]] (or actions of [[Muhammad]]), which place values on education and emphasize the importance of acquiring knowledge, played a vital role in ...

== Medieval astronomy == ...ghout the early Middle Ages and shaped European education during the early medieval period and the [[Carolingian Renaissance]].<ref>"The most elucidating appro ...

...ons]] in almost all aspects of research during the past 30 years. [[Higher education in Iran|Iran's university population]] swelled from 100,000 in 1979 to 4.7 ==Science in ancient and Medieval Iran (Persia)== ...

...oot {{not a typo|{{wikt-lang|gem-x-proto|*ainaz}}}}, from the [[Proto-Indo-European root]] ''*oi-no-'' (meaning "one, unique").<ref name="etymonline">{{cite we ...tory-of-science/article/abs/from-abacus-to-algorism-theory-and-practice-in-medieval-arithmetic/7DFF144C90C127E715CA40083254E601#access-block|url-status=live|ur ...

...itle=Human Geography with Open Gis as a Transformative Introductory Higher Education Course |journal=The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Se ...t2=P. |year=2010 |title=A density function of the appraisal value |website=European Real Estate Society |url=https://eres.architexturez.net/system/files/pdf/er ...

...polymath naturalist, geographer, ethnographer, philologist, explorer of [[European Russia]] and [[Siberia]], discoverer of the first [[pallasite]] meteorite ( ...illo]]''', made the first correct [[wikt:hypsometry|hypsometric]] map of [[European Russia]], coined the term ''[[Central Russian Upland]]'', measured the leng ...

...nt-cells-chloroplasts-and-cell-walls-14053956/ |website=Scitable by Nature Education |access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> ...utrient]]s in the soil.<ref>{{cite web |title=Abiotic Factors |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/resource-library-abiotic-factor/ |publisher ...

...likely independently of Chinese influence) and in [[History of mathematics|European mathematics]] by the 12th century, although the decimal point was not used ...pta, R C. "Madhava's and other medieval Indian values of pi," in ''Math'', Education, 1975, Vol. 9 (3): B45–B48. ...

| education = {{ubl|item_style={{longitem}}|[[University College, Oxford]] ([[B ...url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525172515/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/universityeducation/6389935/Michael-Green-to-become-Lucasian-Professor-of-M ...

...pean-conflict-egyptians-and-romans-employed-them.html|title=Dogs of War in European Conflict; Egyptians and Romans Employed Them in Early Warfare – Battle Dogs .../crestpeacocknone00jose/page/n116 86] |title=The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics |url=https://archive.org/details/crestpeacocknone00jos ...

...aly in 1149.<ref>Edward D."Banking During the Middle Ages" Encyclopedia of Medieval World, vol.1.</ref><ref>Giuseppe Felloni and Guido Laura, "Genoa and the hi ...ccounting]]):<ref name="auto"/> developed in the mercantile city-states of medieval Italy and first documented by Lucas de Burgo in [[Venice]]. Perfected by Am ...

...r the [[Knights Templar]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Queens Consort: England's Medieval Queens|url=https://archive.org/details/queensconsorteng00hilt|url-access=re ...=F. M.|last=Powicke|author-link=F. M. Powicke|chapter=Oxford|title=Ways of Medieval Life and Thought: Essays and Addresses|chapter-url=https://archive.org/deta ...

..., meaning it is the simplest economic unit out of which the "body" of West European capitalist civilization was developed and built up, across six centuries.<r ...eculative capital: the invisible hand of global finance''. London: Pearson Education Ltd, 1999, p. 39f.</ref> ...