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...into [[Chapters and verses of the Bible|chapters and verses]] in the late medieval period, this chapter is divided into 22 verses. ...tech quest to unlock the secrets of ancient Israelite letters: How upstart mathematicians and archaeologists are revealing the secrets of letters penned more than 2, ...

...[[recreational mathematics]] literature in the late 19th century. Several mathematicians have formulated different generalizations of the puzzle to numbers other th ...ar problems of division into fractions are known from [[mathematics in the medieval Islamic world]],{{r|sesiano|finkel|ageron}} but "it does not seem that the ...

[[Greek mathematics|Greek mathematicians]] termed this ratio of incommensurable magnitudes ''alogos'', or inexpressi ...press an irrational number as a number. "Eudoxus' theory enabled the Greek mathematicians to make tremendous progress in geometry by supplying the necessary logical ...

...focused on the [[Ptolemy's table of chords|calculation of chords]], while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric rati ...gonometric calculations in astronomy throughout the next 1200 years in the medieval [[Byzantine]], [[Islamic Golden Age|Islamic]], and, later, Western European ...

...d compute with them, without knowing how they can be defined; this is what mathematicians and physicists did during several centuries before the first formal definit ...y determined.<ref>T. K. Puttaswamy, "The Accomplishments of Ancient Indian Mathematicians", pp. 410–11.&nbsp;In: {{citation |title = Mathematics Across Cultures: The ...

...his is a simple idea, and it is likely that it was known by Old Babylonian mathematicians, although no cuneiform mathematical text has yet been found where this idea Friberg points out a similar problem in a 3rd-century BCE Egyptian Demotic papyrus, ''P. Cairo'', problems 34 and 35, published by Parker in 1 ...

...xistence or first known written account either partially or entirely to an Egyptian person. ...pg|thumb|Tablet of one of the earliest recorded [[treaties]] in history, [[Egyptian-Hittite peace treaty|Treaty of Kadesh]], at the [[Istanbul Archaeology Muse ...

...998 |title=Gnomons at Meroë and Early Trigonometry |journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |volume=84 |pages=171–180 |doi=10.2307/3822211 |jstor=3822211}} ...pright=.85|''Woman teaching geometry''. Illustration at the beginning of a medieval translation of [[Euclid's Elements]], ({{Circa|1310}}).]] ...

...e]] within it,<ref name="HoSM">{{cite web |title=Science and technology in Medieval Islam |url=http://www.mhs.ox.ac.uk/scienceislam_education/docs/Science_and_ ...dianapolis, 1973, p. 204' Meri, Josef W. and Jere L. Bacharach, Editors, ''Medieval Islamic Civilization'' Vol. 1, A–K, Index, 2006, p. 304.</ref> ...

...culation was used in calendrical mathematics by [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) mathematicians such as [[Li Chunfeng]] (602–670) and [[Yi Xing]] (683–727) in order to det ...ns of π|Pi calculated as <math>\tfrac{355}{113}</math>]]''': The ancient [[Egyptian mathematics|Egyptians]], [[Babylonian mathematics|Babylonians]], [[Indian m ...