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{{Short description|Failure of one institution triggering further failures}}{{citation style|date=Augus ...network. There are three conditions required for a cascade, there are; a failure, contagion and interconnection.<ref>Elliott, M., Golub, B. and Jackson 2013 ...

...ty demanded. In this situation it is said that the [[Market-clearing price|market ''clears'']]. If the price is higher than the equilibrium price, excess dem ==Market dynamics== ...

...: the market price of the capital at the beginning of the period minus its market price at the end of the period. ...reciation of a durable as delivering the same services from purchase until failure, with zero scrap value (rather than slowing degrading and retaining [[resid ...

...substitutes and suggests that the shape of the [[yield curve]] depends on market participants' expectations of future interest rates. These expected rates, ...ath> is a [[filtration (probability theory)|filtration]] which defines the market at time <math>t</math>.<ref name=Gourieroux>{{cite book|last1=Gourieroux|fi ...

...ial systems, [[stock market crash]]es in economic systems, and [[cascading failure]] in physics infrastructure networks. The models capture some essential pro ...rst2=H. J.|last3=Schweitzer|first3=F.|title=Explicit size distributions of failure cascades redefine systemic risk on finite networks|journal=Scientific Repor ...

# Market excess return, # Outperformance of high [[book-to-market ratio|book/market]] versus low book/market companies ...

...it as potential source of [[coordination failure (economics)|coordination failure]], which could cause markets to fail to clear.<ref>"Mankiw, N Gregory and R ...'(e)>0</math> - represents a "thick market externality"; the "thicker" the market in the sense of more potential traders, the more trades occur. It involves ...

...y assets on hand in order to prevent liquidity disruptions due to changing market conditions. This is often related to [[reserve requirement]] and [[capital ...housing market and the [[2007–2008 financial crisis]]. In response to this failure of liquidity regulations, there has been recent progress in developing new ...

...ties, and, like agricultural [[monoculture]]s, are subject to catastrophic failure in the event of a successful attack.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goth|first=G.| ...all the parts in the monoculture) is the multiplication of each component failure probability (exponentially decreasing). ...

{{Short description|Market structure with one buyer}} {{restrictive market structures}} ...

...lve [[Short (finance)|short selling]] can deliver high returns, but if the market goes against the trade, the investor can lose significantly more than the p ...efinitely toward positive infinity. This formula predicts a probability of failure using these parameters of about 0.1371, or a 13.71% risk of ruin. This appr ...

...onomic sector dedicated to [[carbon dioxide removal]] (CDR). The policy is market-based, and it will offer proportional financial rewards in exchange for ver ...to found a climate policy initiative in 2014 with the goal of combining a market mechanism with monetary policy. Seminal ideas for the policy first appeared ...

The failure mechanisms in FRC materials include [[delamination]], intralaminar matrix c | Failure Load || ASTM D 1761 || 1.5 KN - 20.8 KN ...

...toughness. A higher aspect ratio will result in lower values of strain at failure and toughness, due to angular particles inducing crack formation.<ref name= ...considerably over the years and have a secured spot in a colossally-sized market, further refinement of compounding and process technology along with improv ...

...288|doi=10.3390/electronics8111288|doi-access=free}}</ref> and [[financial market]]s.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last1=Mintzelas|first1=A.|last2=Kiriakopo ...al time analysis has been experimentally used for the diagnosis of [[heart failure]] syndrome<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":0" /> as well as identifying patien ...

...and [[smoking cessation]], time until property sold after being put on the market, time until an individual upgrades to a new phone, time until job relocatio ...stic hazard function <math>h(t)</math>, which represents the instantaneous failure rate at time <math>t</math> given survival up to time <math>t</math>, is de ...

...ty is a key simplifying assumption in many economic models, as it leads to market behavior that is easy to understand and which has desirable properties. For ...ilures]], where [[supply and demand]] differ or where [[Market equilibrium|market equilibria]] can be [[Pareto efficiency|inefficient]]. ...

...verage]], with the goal of mitigating the risk of [[bank run]]s and [[bank failure]]s. It was developed in response to the deficiencies in [[financial regulat ...e to its supplementary leverage ratio rule to ease strains in the Treasury market resulting from the coronavirus and increase banking organizations' ability ...

...pumping, and other extreme storage or application conditions can cause the failure of a surfactant to adequately stabilize a paint dispersion. ...e structure are more expensive to produce and have a greater effect on end market price of their applications. As a result, simple, easy to produce and more ...

In 1973, he began publishing [[commodities market]] predictions as a hobby. As his coin and stamp business declined, Armstron ...andfather had lost a fortune in the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929|1929 stock market crash]].<ref name=TNY/> ...