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...ath>\beta_{im}</math> to the market portfolio return <math>R_m</math>. The market return is defined as the wealth-weighted sum of all investment returns in t Roll's critique makes two statements regarding the market portfolio: ...

...rium in a mean-lower partial moment framework|journal=Journal of Financial Economics|year=1977|volume=5|issue=2|pages=189–200|doi=10.1016/0304-405x(77)90017-4}} ...rium in a mean-lower partial moment framework|journal=Journal of Financial Economics|year=1977|volume=5|issue=2|pages=189–200|doi=10.1016/0304-405x(77)90017-4}} ...

...|title=Exchange equilibrium and coalitions|journal=Journal of Mathematical Economics|volume=1|pages=63–66|year=1974|last1=Gale|first1=David}}</ref> ...wenty units of commodity x and Bob has ten units of commodity y. Then, the market opens for trade. In equilibrium, Alice's bundle is (4,2), i.e, she has four ...

.../ref> The sum of the labor-hours demanded by all employers in total is the market demand for labor. ...will be the price it can obtain for each unit of output, according to the market [[demand curve]] for the product. So its profit-maximization problem is ...

...h the overall stock market ([[Financial risk|risk]]) only on days when the market’s return is negative. Downside beta was first proposed by [[Roy's safety-fi ...th>i</math> and the market <math>m</math>, <math>u_m</math> as the average market excess return, and Cov and Var as the [[Covariance operator|covariance]] an ...

{{Short description|Concept in economics}} ...period, <math>K_{t+1}</math>, is <math>K_t + I_t - D_t</math>. The [[net (economics)|net]] increment to the capital stock is the difference between gross inves ...

...(resulting in ratio below 1.0) or amplify them (ratio above 1.0).{{sfn|RBB Economics|2014|p=1}} ...[Competition (economics)|competition]] or evaluating [[merger]]s.{{sfn|RBB Economics|2014|p=9}} In the studies of [[inflation]], an opposite direction '''pass-t ...

...city]] measuring the effect of an increase or decrease in advertising on a market.<ref name=PindyckRubinfeldPage405to407>Pindyck; Rubinfeld (2001). pp.405-40 ...trategy to maximise profits (e.g. for [[H. J. Heinz Company|Heinz]] in the market for [[baked beans]]), or changing prices (as with supermarket own brands).< ...

...xpected returns for a [[stock]], stock [[Stock market index|index]] or the market as whole. ...rence between the expected total return on a capitalization-weighted stock market index and the yield on a riskless government bond (in this case one with 10 ...

A '''markup rule''' is the pricing practice of a producer with [[market power]], where a firm charges a fixed mark-up over its [[marginal cost]].<r ...h price-setting power by maximizing the following expression for [[profit (economics)|profit]]: ...

...for which the investors had to go through bad returns comparatively to the market. ...r performance of the asset is somehow mitigated by the overall loss of the market. Taking the [[ulcer index]] as a direct inspiration, the V2 ratio uses a [[ ...

...s]] which models the possible trades in the [[Market (economics)|financial market]]. This is of particular interest to markets with [[transaction costs]]. ...^T</math> is a model of a financial market. This is sometimes called a '''market process'''. ...

...Experience, and Earnings''"] in ''Jacob Mincer: A Pioneer of Modern Labor Economics'', Shoshanna Grossbard, ed., Springer: New York. pp. 127–145.</ref><ref>{{c ...ta_{1}</math>, <math>\beta_{2}</math> can be interpreted as the [[Returns (economics)|returns]] to schooling and experience, respectively. ...

[[Inflation]], of change in price for the [[Domestic market|domestic sector]] <math>(\Delta P_d)</math> and, The model also assumes that sooner or later the market will clear meaning that [[Money demand|demand]] and [[supply of money]] wil ...

{{Short description|Supply chain market situation}} ...is a [[Externality|vertical externality]] that occurs when two firms with market power (i.e., not in a situation of [[perfect competition]]), at different v ...

...ty demanded. In this situation it is said that the [[Market-clearing price|market ''clears'']]. If the price is higher than the equilibrium price, excess dem ==Market dynamics== ...

...k|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oNGKuTj6KeQC&dq=%22Winner-take-all+market%22&pg=PA101|title=Rock and Roll Fantasy?: The Reality of Going from Garage ...of rewards for different amounts of work determines the degree to which a market is considered winner-take-all. For example, most [[Lottery|lottery games]] ...

{{About|the Rosser's equation in economics|the similarly-named equation in physics|Rosser's equation (physics)}} In [[economics]], '''Rosser's equation''' (named after [[J. Barkley Rosser, Jr.]]) calcula ...

...or [[Ronald Findlay]], is a model in [[Development economics|developmental economics]] that explains the growth of a less developed "[[Global South|South]]" or ...onald. ''Growth and Development in Trade Model''.Handbook of International Economics, 1984, p. 185-236.</ref> This conclusion relies heavily on an analysis of t ...

{{Short description|Mathematical framework in economics}} In [[economics]], '''search and matching theory''' is a mathematical framework attempting ...