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...late]] and the other is the bottom product. The bottom product is mostly [[liquid]] while the overhead fraction can be [[vapour]] or an [[aerosol]]. ...ping]] a countercurrent liquid phase must flow through the column, so that liquid and vapour can contact each other on each stage. ...

{{Short description|Phase transition of liquid crystals}} ...uid crystal in an undistorted state. Below a certain field threshold the [[liquid crystal#Director|director]] remains undistorted. As the field value is grad ...

...essure method''', is a technique to measure the [[surface tension]] of a [[liquid]], with [[surfactant]]s. ...g molecules. At the [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium state]] of the liquid, interior molecules are under the balanced forces with uniformly distribute ...

In [[thermodynamics]], the limit of local stability against [[phase separation]] with respect to small fluctuations is clearly defined by the condition th ...tesimally small fluctuations in composition and density will lead to phase separation via [[spinodal decomposition]]. Outside of the curve, the solution will be ...

...aries, packed with HPLC stationary phase, are subjected to a high voltage. Separation is achieved by electrophoretic migration of solutes and differential partit ...oosmosis instead of pressure (as in HPLC). Electroosmosis is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a porous material, capillary tube, m ...

...phy|chromatographic]] technique where both stationary and mobile phase are liquid, and the stationary phase is immobilized by a strong centrifugal force. Cen ...series of glass tubes that are designed and arranged such that the lighter liquid phase is transferred from one tube to the next. The next major milestone wa ...

...te contact between two [[immiscible]] fluids which can be liquid/liquid or liquid/gas. The fluids are passed through in a [[countercurrent flow]] through a c ...rovided a large [[surface area]] within the column for interaction between liquid and gas vapors. ...

...us particles.svg|thumb|left|Mixing of liquids A and B and subsequent phase separation]] ...on is known as liquid-liquid equilibrium. [[Colloid]]s are formed by phase separation, though not all phase separations forms colloids - for example oil and wate ...

...ckhausen I, Rachaman ES, Matta KL, Schachter H | title = The separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophen ...

...ation in [[thermodynamics]] that describes the critical temperature of the liquid-gas transition T as a function of the range of the attractive potential ''R ...]] (temperature, pressure, and volume) with respect to their values at the liquid-gas critical point, all simple fluids obey the same reduced equation of sta ...

...ckhausen I, Rachaman ES, Matta KL, Schachter H | title = The separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophen ...

...for the activity coefficients <math>\gamma_i</math> of a compound i in a liquid, a measure for the deviation from ideal solubility, also known as [[Raoult' ...ema in the activity coefficient, which modern models like [[Non-Random Two Liquid model|NRTL]] and [[Grant M. Wilson|Wilson]] cannot. ...

...ical mixture during continuous [[evaporation]] at the condition of [[vapor–liquid equilibrium]] (open distillation). Multiple residue curves for a single sys Residue curves allow testing the feasibility of a separation of mixtures and therefore are a valuable tool in designing distillation pro ...

...ckhausen I, Rachaman ES, Matta KL, Schachter H | title = The separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophen ...

...is designed for a specific [[wavelength]] and [[Angular distance|angle of separation]] between output beams. ...he [[Angular distance|separation angle]] between the beams, determines the separation distance between the [[Focus (optics)|focused]] spots. This simple optical ...

...continuous rotation. It is normally used to separate solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, and solid-solid mixtures. Solid bowl centrifuges are widely used in variou ...994). Solid-bowl centrifuges for wastewater sludge treatment. Filtration & Separation Science Direct, Volume 31, Issue 4, p. 387–390, 386.</ref> === ...

...s://patents.google.com/patent/US6187270 |title = Device and method for the separation of magnetic microparticles }}</ref> Pick pen(R),<ref name="PP1" /><ref name ...ts.google.com/patent/US5466574 |title = Apparatus and methods for magnetic separation featuring external magnetic means }}</ref> and so on. ...

...rodispensing is one of those challenges. Ever smaller amounts of adhesive, liquid, oil, grease and a multitude of other media must be dispensed reliably and ...le before it hits. This, too, is a very old technique, as old as squirting liquid from a tube. ...

...ckhausen I, Rachaman ES, Matta KL, Schachter H | title = The separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophen ...

...26|title=High-Performance Membranes with Multi-permselectivity for {{CO2}} Separation|journal=Advanced Materials|language=en|volume=24|issue=24|pages=3196–3200|d ...tle=Interfacial polycondensation. II. Fundamentals of polymer formation at liquid interfaces|journal=Journal of Polymer Science|volume=40|issue=137|pages=299 ...