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...gress has enabled ab initio treatment of heavier nuclei such as [[isotopes of nickel|nickel]].<ref name=navratil2016>{{cite journal|first1=P.|last1=Navrá ...symmetries of QCD, ordered by the size of their contributions. The degrees of freedom in this theory are nucleons and [[pion]]s, as opposed to [[quark]]s ...

{{Short description|Rest mass of an atom in its ground state}}{{Infobox quantity ...f 6.015&nbsp;Da) has only 3 neutrons, reducing the atomic weight (average) of lithium to 6.941. ...

...which can undergo further [[radioactive decay]] while lowering the [[pH]] of a solution.<ref name=":0" /> ...sub>2</sub>⁺² when uranium tailings are oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in the following reaction.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Abdelouas|firs ...

...or sedimentary [[sulfide]]s, have been studied and interpreted as records of the changing [[sulfur cycle]] throughout the earth's history. ...s">{{cite journal| vauthors = Canfield DE |title=Biogeochemistry of Sulfur Isotopes|journal=[[Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry]]|date=2001|volume=43|issu ...

...rm of metabolism is [[anaerobic oxidation of methane]] (AOM). The presence of AOM marks the transition from [[dissimilatory sulfate reduction]] to [[meth ...low concentrations of sulfate and methane because the anaerobic oxidation of methane consumes both molecules.<ref name="Bhatnagar 2008">{{Cite journal|l ...

{{short description|Method by which atoms of a planet's atmosphere are ejected into space}} ...ere, which then begins to expand. This expansion continues into the vacuum of space, accelerating as it goes until it escapes.]] ...

{{Short description|Measure of relative carbon-13 concentration in a sample}} ...le isotope analyses in human nutritional ecology |journal=American Journal of Physical Anthropology |date=1991 |volume=34 |issue=S13 |pages=283–321 |doi= ...

...on|The study of environmental processes using the relative abundance of Si isotopes}} ...n the global Si cycle, and to investigate the applications and limitations of the [[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary]] Si record as an environmental and [[Pa ...

...tion of regular water, in which the [[oxygen]] atom has been replaced by [[oxygen-15]] (¹⁵O), a [[positron]]-emitting [[isotope]]. ¹⁵O- ...ow]] (MBF) studies and has been used as reference standard for validations of other MBF quantification techniques, such as [[single-photon emission compu ...

{{Short description|Different atoms of the same element}} {{About|the atomic variants of chemical elements|other uses|Isotope (disambiguation)}} ...

...= J. | title = Cost-effective density functional theory (DFT) calculations of equilibrium isotopic fractionation in large organic molecules | journal = P ...13" /><ref name="liu2021">{{cite journal | title = Theoretical calculation of position-specific carbon and hydrogen isotope equilibriums in butane isomer ...

{{Short description|Sum of the inorganic carbon species}} ...otal inorganic carbon''' ('''''C''_T''' or '''TIC''') is the sum of the inorganic [[carbon]] species. ...

{{Short description|Set of python packages for Langragian ocean analysis}} ...GCMs). OceanParcels main goal is to process the increasingly large amounts of data that is governed by OGCM's. The flow dynamics are simulated using [[La ...

...ts play a pivotal role in shaping the structure, composition, and dynamics of planets and moons within a stellar system. ...k R. |date=July 1978 |title=Planetesimals to planets: Numerical simulation of collisional evolution |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/001 ...

[[File:NuclideMap C-F.png|thumb|right|388px|[[Chart of nuclides]] for [[carbon]] to [[fluorine]]. [[Decay mode]]s: ...undary beyond which atomic nuclei are unbound with respect to the emission of a proton or neutron. ...

{{Short description|Artefact of ancient iron production}} ...lt=Archaeometallurgical slag is slag discovered and studied in the context of archaeology]] ...

{{Short description|Method of geochemical research}} ...h's history of formation and [[Planetary differentiation|differentiation]] of the solid Earth into layers. ...

...). [[Water]], the first [[chemical compound]] in this series, contains one oxygen atom and two [[hydrogen]] atoms, and is the most common compound on the Ear ...]]-poor environments and as such is one chemical responsible for the smell of [[flatulence]]. It is also a [[volcanic gas]]. Despite its toxicity, the [[ ...

...first1=B.|last2=Sherr|first2=E. B.|chapter=δ13C Measurements as Indicators of Carbon Flow in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |series=Ecological Studies ...an enzymatic reaction with RuBisCO, the lighter isotope is favored because of a lower activation energy.]] ...

...ts abundance and sulfur isotope composition, it provides a valuable record of the global [[sulfur cycle]] across time and space. == Importance of sulfur (and CAS) to biogeochemistry == ...