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- ...drolysis constant is proportional to ''z''<sup>2</sup>/''r'' for most aqua ions. ...cal element]]s from about 100 [[picosecond]]s to more than 200 years. Aqua ions are prominent in [[electrochemistry]]. ...71 KB (10,784 words) - 22:25, 1 May 2024
- [[Image:Coloured-transition-metal-solutions.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Metallic ions in aqueous solution display many colours:<br/> ...be present, depending on pH, in aqueous solutions of binary salts of metal ions. The existence must be inferred on the basis of indirect evidence provided ...41 KB (5,261 words) - 16:47, 19 January 2025
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- ...ficient {{math|''f''<sub>±</sub>}} of an electrolyte that dissociates into ions having charges {{math|''z''<sub>1</sub>}} and {{math|''z''<sub>2</sub>}} as ...rges. Further discrepancies will arise if there is association between the ions, with the formation of [[ion pair]]s, such as {{chem|Mg|2+|SO|4|2−}}. ...2 KB (303 words) - 19:39, 18 July 2022
- {{Short description|Physical structures important for trapped ions}} ...e trap, these can be 1-, 2- or 3-dimensional, with typical spacing between ions of ~10μm, which is significantly larger than typical solid-state crystal st ...5 KB (668 words) - 07:31, 4 April 2023
- ...used by electric microfields formed by the charged plasma particles ([[ion|ions]] and [[electron|electrons]]). The Stark broadening increases with the prin Assuming a neutral atomic radiator in a plasma consisting of singly charged ions (and neglecting the electrons), the equation reads ...3 KB (347 words) - 11:38, 3 March 2024
- ...603}}{{sfn|Lee|2009|p=24}} The [[coulometry]] process generates [[silver]] ions, which react with the chloride to form [[silver chloride]] (AgCl).{{sfn|Sko ...tration time of the solution being measured. The concentration of chloride ions in this solution is then calculated as:{{sfn|Skoog|West|Holler|Crouch|2013| ...6 KB (923 words) - 20:41, 13 January 2023
- ...golden-yellow color. Although this is a reaction solely of the dissociated ions in solution, it is sometimes referred to as a [[double displacement reactio ...re-dissolves by [[Dissociation (chemistry)|dissociation]] to its colorless ions. The actual change ([[net ionic equation]]) is thus: ...2 KB (279 words) - 20:59, 22 February 2023
- ...ssed together by the mutual attraction of the electrostatic charges on the ions. They achieve the observed equilibrium distance apart due to a balancing sh The electrostatic potential energy, ''E''<sub>pair</sub>, between a pair of ions of equal and opposite charge is: ...5 KB (809 words) - 22:46, 19 July 2024
- {{short description|Diffusion coefficient of ions in solution}} ...2 KB (307 words) - 12:09, 13 February 2024
- ...istry | volume = 30 | pages = 51–78|bibcode = 1979ARPC...30...51B }}</ref> Ions with sufficient [[internal energy]] may fragment in a [[mass spectrometer]] ...on decomposition within the [[ion source]] of a typical mass spectrometer. Ions with rate constants less than 10<sup>6</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and greater tha ...5 KB (804 words) - 08:27, 16 December 2023
- the polyion. The uncondensed mobile ions in the ionic atmosphere are treated ...ions is <math>1-1/\Gamma</math>, where "condensed" means that the counter ions are located within the Manning radius <math>R_M</math>. ...4 KB (498 words) - 11:26, 8 June 2024
- ...ial. The magnitude of the potential depends on the relative speeds of the ions' movement. ...e two solutions constituting the junction. When such a bridge is used, the ions in the bridge are present in large excess at the junction and they carry al ...4 KB (600 words) - 00:11, 25 December 2023
- With electrons of energy greater than 10 ev, negative ions can also be formed through ion-pair formation.<ref name=":0" /> ...used to ensure that the mass scale used is correct and that the groups of ions are constant on a regular basis.<ref name="OngHites1994"/> ...9 KB (1,265 words) - 17:42, 22 September 2024
- ...{Cite journal |last=Marcus |first=Yizhak |date=2009-03-11 |title=Effect of Ions on the Structure of Water: Structure Making and Breaking |journal=Chemical ...4 KB (525 words) - 09:52, 26 June 2024
- ...water in macrosystem cannot be split efficiently due to the lack of rapid ions transport inside bulk solution.]] ...e analysis of water electrolysis, we shall use H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> ions (also known as [[oxonium ion]]s) at the cathode, as an example to explain t ...11 KB (1,640 words) - 02:35, 8 January 2025
- ...rrosion involves a [[redox]] reaction that reduces [[Hydrogen ion|hydrogen ions]] and oxidizes a solid metal.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Melchers|fi ...in the dissociation of water and the proceeding reduction of the hydrogen ions into [[Hydrogen|diatomic hydrogen gas]].<ref name=":0" /> The [[Anode|anodi ...5 KB (722 words) - 18:16, 21 February 2023
- ...n the two qubits through the joint motion of the complete chain of trapped ions. ...t-Kaler]] and coworkers in the group of [[Rainer Blatt]] using two calcium ions.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schmidt-Kaler |first1=Ferdinand |last2=Häffner | ...8 KB (1,205 words) - 19:56, 13 June 2024
- ...tle =Experimental Issues in Coherent Quantum-State Manipulation of Trapped Ions| journal = Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and T ...te journal| last = Eschner| first =Jürgen| title =Laser cooling of trapped ions | journal = J. Opt. Soc. Am. B| volume=20 | issue=5 | pages=1003–1015 |yea ...7 KB (1,057 words) - 01:19, 19 November 2024
- ...n the 4''f'' [[electron shell|shell]] of [[Rare-earth element|rare-earth]] ions in solids and solutions.<ref name=walsh1/><ref name=walsh2/><ref name=helhe ...|journal=J. Chem. Phys.|title=Intensities of Crystal Spectra of Rare-Earth Ions|issue=3|doi=10.1063/1.1701366|volume=37|page=511|year=1962|bibcode=1962JChP ...8 KB (1,114 words) - 21:14, 4 February 2025
- ...1<ref name="Schinzer 1998" /> || [[Cubic crystal system|Cubic]] || A and B ions have ideal size. ...tal system|Orthorhombic]]/[[Rhombohedral crystal system|Rhombohedral]] ||A ions too small to fit into B ion interstices. ...5 KB (630 words) - 11:37, 18 October 2022
- ...tance of a solution or to analyze the end point of titrations that include ions.<ref name="Braun, R.D. 2015">Braun, R.D., "Chemical Analysis". Encyclopædia ...ntrations of the two most highly conducting ions—the hydrogen and hydroxyl ions.<ref name="Katz">Katz et al., 1984 S. Katz, R.P. Beatson and A.M. Scallan, ...6 KB (925 words) - 17:50, 15 December 2024
- ...urs in the equatorial electrojet due to the drift of electrons relative to ions,<ref name="Treumann">{{Cite book |first1 = Rudolf A |last1 = Treumann |firs ...[[Cyclotron motion#Cyclotron resonance|cyclotron frequency]], allowing the ions to be treated as unmagnetized. Third, the collision frequency between elect ...8 KB (1,183 words) - 19:26, 23 February 2025