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The '''Grubel–Lloyd index''' measures [[intra-industry trade]] of a particular product. It was introduced by [[Herb Grubel]] and [[Peter ...Imports. Conversely, if ''GL_i'' = 0, there is no intra-industry trade at all. This would mean that the Country in consideration only either Expor ...

...ndencia theorists as a theoretical economic justification for [[dependency theory]].<ref>Abdenur, Adriana [http://www.tc.columbia.edu/cice/Issues/04.02/42abd ...H. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2234035 "North South Growth and the Terms of Trade"], ''The Economic Journal'', 1989, accessed June 24, 2011.</ref> ...

...[economic geography]] and [[International trade#Models|international trade theory]]. The model formalises consumers' preferences for product variety by using ...

{{Short description|Economic theory}} ...wages are unlikely to fall and how involuntary unemployment appears. This theory was first developed by [[Carl Shapiro]] and [[Joseph Stiglitz]].<ref name=s ...

...are. This conclusion stands in contrast to results from most international trade models, in which government non-interference is socially optimal. ...wer" [[duopoly]] game. Alternatively, the model can be portrayed in [[game theory|game theoretic]] terms as initially a game with multiple [[Nash equilibria] ...

...[[Capital asset pricing model|Capital Asset Pricing Model]] (CAPM) on the theory of Markowitz. Nowadays, the CAPM is one of the primary portfolio management ...inance)|equity]], domestic vs. international, growth vs. safety, and other trade-offs encountered in the attempt to maximize return at a given appetite for ...

...her productive factors<ref>E. Heckscher, B. Ohlin, ''Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory,'' H. Flam, M. Flanders, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991).</ref> or on ...man, and institutional) capital to make new products. Traditional economic theory disregards the structure of the forest, assuming that there is always a tre ...

...enforced by the [[Union Navy]], the revenue from taxes on [[international trade]] declined. Likewise, the financing obtained through early voluntary donati Lerner used the [[quantity theory of money]] to decompose the inflation in the Confederacy during the war int ...

...re of original sin (shares of home currency-denominated bank [[loans]] and international [[Bond (finance)|bond]] debt), they showed that original sin was present in ...stem.</ref> Reinhart, Rogoff and Savastano (2003) criticized the suggested international solution for the original sin problem by claiming that the main problem of ...

...on of the given function. Hence, the TP model transformation can provide a trade-off between approximation accuracy and complexity.<ref name=ykc01>{{cite jo ...del transformation can be found here: [[TP model transformation in control theory]]. ...

...network dynamics and its application to regulation and control | journal = International Journal of Control | volume = 84 | issue = 3 | pages = 633 | year = 2011 }} ...=He |first2=Jianping |last3=Duan |first3=Xiaoming |date=2024 |title=On the Trade-Off Between Efficiency and Unpredictability in Stochastic Robotic Surveilla ...

...voked to explain economic phenomena are [[unemployment]] and international trade.<ref name="Cross1993" /> ...industry, there are fewer employed workers left. As the [[insider-outsider theory of employment|employed workers]] usually have the power to influence or set ...

As a thought experiment in economics, many international trade economists have found this simplified and idealized version of the story im # The island is cut off from the rest of the world (and hence cannot trade) ...

{{Short description|Problem in game theory}} ...ages=43–60|last2=Dinar|first2=Ariel|title=Flexible Water Sharing within an International River Basin|issue=1 |bibcode=2001EnREc..18...43K |s2cid=153054958 }}</ref> ...

...zed weighted majority algorithm''' is an algorithm in [[machine learning]] theory for aggregating expert predictions to a series of decision problems.<ref na ...e method based on weighted voting which improves on the [[Regret (decision theory)|mistake bound]] of the deterministic [[weighted majority algorithm]]. In f ...

...stage capitalism, which form the basis of common marketplaces bearing fair trade policies in world markets' market evaluation; financiers can capitalise on ...//dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531%2890%2990070-Z |journal=Journal of Economic Theory |language=en |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=123–135 |doi=10.1016/0022-0531(90)9 ...

...ome agent <math>i</math> currently holds his own top house). Implement the trade indicated by this cycle (i.e., reallocate each house to the agent pointing ...l=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01242849|journal=International Journal of Game Theory|language=en|volume=23|issue=1|pages=75–83|doi=10.1007/BF01242849|s2cid=3625 ...

...scuss the interaction of these constraints and their various trade-offs in theory and practice, as well as perceptional advantages or drawbacks of specific s ...omestic environments. With rectangles, there is a localisation performance trade-off: the short sides will localise more stably than the square, the long si ...

...f money or price "surprise". The model accounts for the empirically based trade off between output and prices represented by the [[Phillips curve]], but th ...of monetary policy.<ref>{{cite book |last=Galbács |first=Peter |title=The Theory of New Classical Macroeconomics. A Positive Critique |location=Heidelberg/N ...

...title=Optimized Predecessor Data Structures for Internal Memory|conference=International Workshop on Algorithm Engineering|date=17 August 2001|pages=67–78|url=https ...the information theoretic barrier with fusion trees|journal=[[Symposium on Theory of Computing]]|pages=1–7|date=1990}}</ref> The dynamic problem has been sol ...