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The '''Grubel–Lloyd index''' measures [[intra-industry trade]] of a particular product. It was introduced by [[Herb Grubel]] and [[Peter ...Imports. Conversely, if ''GL_i'' = 0, there is no intra-industry trade at all. This would mean that the Country in consideration only either Expor ...

...try, as well as the number of jobs in that country dependent upon external trade. On a global scale, it represents the proportion of all world production th ...balization is measured as the proportion of that country's total volume of trade to its [[Gross Domestic Product]] (GDP):<ref name="Brady2011"/> ...

...ped "[[Global South|South]]" or "periphery" economy that interacts through trade with a more developed "[[Global North|North]]" or "core" economy. The North ...H. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/2234035 "North South Growth and the Terms of Trade"], ''The Economic Journal'', 1989, accessed June 24, 2011.</ref> ...

...by ISO Committee but it is widely used to encode additional data to Global Trade Item Number such as items quantity or container weight. Currently ITF-6 isn’t standardized by [[International Organization for Standardization|ISO Committee]] and it is used only as a p ...

...cription.pdf |accessdate=8 July 2019}}</ref> A RFQ contains at least the [[International Securities Identification Number|ISIN]] to uniquely identify the financial ...is|2007-09 financial crisis]] there was an initiative to create more ''pre-trade transparency'', for which it is essential to know who is requesting which f ...

...s]], [[economic geography]] and [[International trade#Models|international trade theory]]. The model formalises consumers' preferences for product variety b ...

==Trade liberalization== Davis and Harrigan consider the effects of trade liberalization on firms and workers, ...

...are. This conclusion stands in contrast to results from most international trade models, in which government non-interference is socially optimal. ...nto theories of international trade. In particular, like in many other New Trade Theory models, [[economies of scale]] (in this case, in the form of fixed e ...

The '''union wage premium''' refers to the degree to which wages for [[Trade union|union]] members exceed those for otherwise similar non-unionized work Although wages for workers in trade unions are higher than non-union workers, the gap decreased in the late 20t ...

...inance)|equity]], domestic vs. international, growth vs. safety, and other trade-offs encountered in the attempt to maximize return at a given appetite for ...er Ordered to Repay $31m to Former Employer|date=December 20, 2013|website=International Business Times UK}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2 ...

...nce between the accounting value and the price effectively obtained in the trade. ...erent categories, depending on their business model and their intention to trade such instruments or keep them in their balance sheet. The classification of ...

...and other productive factors<ref>E. Heckscher, B. Ohlin, ''Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory,'' H. Flam, M. Flanders, Eds. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1991).</ref ...uipment, refrigerated trucks, agronomists, phytosanitary laws, and working trade agreements. All of these could be easily redeployed to the pear business. T ...

...PageRank naturally appear for the world trade network, or [[international trade]], where they and linked with export and import flows for a given country r | title = Google matrix of the world trade network ...

...le=Fast filter-and-refine algorithms for subsequence selection |conference=International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium |publisher=IEEE |year=2002 ...s implementation helps in optimizing systems to better manage the inherent trade-offs between speed and accuracy.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Abel |first1=Dav ...

...enforced by the [[Union Navy]], the revenue from taxes on [[international trade]] declined. Likewise, the financing obtained through early voluntary donati ==Revenue from international trade== ...

...nder High EMI Conditions |author=A. Vadinala, G. K. Kumar |journal=IACEECE International Conference |year=2013 |pages=46-49}}</ref> ...

...isk for the investor, which characterizes the product as leveraged [[carry trade]]. Cash flows may have a digital cap feature where the rate gets locked onc ...ply declined. Major participants in the market include issuers (usually [[International financial institutions|Supranationals]]) of the notes under their [[Medium ...

...tle=A framework for the selection of the right nuclear power plant|journal=International Journal of Production Research |volume=50|issue=17|pages=4753–4766|doi=10.1 ...stances between single dimension scores and ratios should produce smoother trade-offs.<ref name='Huang2011'>{{cite journal | last1 = Huang | first1 = I.B. | ...

...re of original sin (shares of home currency-denominated bank [[loans]] and international [[Bond (finance)|bond]] debt), they showed that original sin was present in ...stem.</ref> Reinhart, Rogoff and Savastano (2003) criticized the suggested international solution for the original sin problem by claiming that the main problem of ...

...w-level jet generate northward [[Ekman transport]]. The intensity of the [[trade winds]] varies per season (the image of the Seasonal differences shows the ...orth Atlantic subtropical high (NASH). The NASH interacts closely with the trade winds and therefor connects the CLLJ with the tradewinds. ...