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[[International reserves|Level of International Reserves]] <math>(R)</math> {{Macroeconomics}} ...

...tant for the U.S. in the last two decades, given a dramatic, sharp rise in international cross-country portfolio holdings. For the U.S., valuation effects are partl [[Category:International macroeconomics]] ...

...|author-link2=Stanley Fischer |chapter=The Lucas Model |title=Lectures on Macroeconomics |location=Cambridge |publisher=MIT Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-262-02283-5 ...>{{cite book |last=Galbács |first=Peter |title=The Theory of New Classical Macroeconomics. A Positive Critique |location=Heidelberg/New York/Dordrecht/London |publis ...

*[[Net international investment position]] [[Category:International macroeconomics]] ...

...y is it to ignore breaks when forecasting the direction of a time series?. International Journal of Forecasting, 20(3), 411-425 [https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bi ...., & Herwartz, H. (2011). On economic evaluation of directional forecasts. International Journal of Forecasting, 27(4), 1058-1065. [http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/series/ ...

...effects are invoked to explain economic phenomena are [[unemployment]] and international trade.<ref name="Cross1993" /> ...Summers |title=Hysteresis and the European Unemployment Problem |work=NBER Macroeconomics Annual |year=1986 |volume=1 |pages=15–78 |url=https://www.nber.org/chapters ...

...in national societies", and precisely operationalize it as "the sum of all international exports as a percentage of the global product, which is the sum of all the ...by wars, and periods of conflict and tension often leading to them, where international actors cannot reach consensus on trade agreements and usually give in to [[ ...

=== Macroeconomics context === in the field of macroeconomics, there also are many interesting{{Citation needed|date=May 2016}} researche ...

...[macroeconomics]], [[economic geography]] and [[International trade#Models|international trade theory]]. The model formalises consumers' preferences for product var ...

...e="nikiforos-j">Michalis Nikiforos, Gennaro Zezza: ''Stock-Flow Consistent Macroeconomics Models: A Survey''. In: ''[[Journal of Economic Surveys]]'' 31(5), 2017, pp ...-9 6]].</ref><ref name="ehnts">Dirk Ehnts: ''The balance sheet approach to macroeconomics''. In: Samuel Decker, Wolfram Elsner, Svenja Flechtner (eds.): ''Principles ...

...Sustainability of fiscal policy in Poland in the period 2004–2017 |journal=International Journal of Management and Economics |date=30 September 2018 |volume=54 |iss ...note on public debt, tax-exempt bonds, and Ponzi games |journal=Journal of Macroeconomics |date=September 2009 |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=492–499 |doi=10.1016/j.jmac ...

...re of original sin (shares of home currency-denominated bank [[loans]] and international [[Bond (finance)|bond]] debt), they showed that original sin was present in ...stem.</ref> Reinhart, Rogoff and Savastano (2003) criticized the suggested international solution for the original sin problem by claiming that the main problem of ...

...| title = Job Security in an Efficiency Wage Model | journal = Journal of Macroeconomics | date = Winter 1993 | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 183–187 }}</ref> i D. R. Davis and J. Harrigan, Journal of International Economics 84 (2011) 26-36 ...

...April 1861 and enforced by the [[Union Navy]], the revenue from taxes on [[international trade]] declined. Likewise, the financing obtained through early voluntary ==Revenue from international trade== ...

...ons and private donors to regions that have recently been hit by either an international war, a civil war, or an armed conflict. The donation can take the form of f ...d to certain conditions and mostly granted in the framework of an official international and national development program. Development aid is based on the principle ...

...lum|2008|p=}} [[Robert Lucas, Jr.|Robert Lucas]] and other [[new classical macroeconomics|new classical macroeconomists]] criticized Keynesian models that did not wo ...ical synthesis]] combined elements of both new classical and new Keynesian macroeconomics into a consensus. Other economists avoided the new classical and new Keynes ...

{{Macroeconomics sidebar}} ...le=Applied Macroeconomics Employment, Growth and Inflation |publisher=I.K. International Publishing House Pvt.Ltd |year=2017 |isbn= |edition=Ist |location=Delhi |pu ...

...sion]] (VAR) approach<ref>[[Christopher A. Sims|Sims, Christopher]] (1980) Macroeconomics and Reality, ''Econometrica'', January, pp. 1-48.</ref> ...olatilities derived from multi-dimensional panel data of survey forecasts. International Journal of Forecasting, 22(2): 373-393.</ref> ...

...this type of modeling is often in conflict with a central tenet of modern macroeconomics, the [[Lucas critique]] - or [[rational expectations]] - which states that *[[International Association for Quantitative Finance]] ...

...Bortkiewicz, 1952 (1906–1907), "Value and Price in the Marxian System", ''International Economic Papers'' 2, 5–60; Ladislaus von Bortkiewicz, 1984 (1907), "On the ...book |last=Cochrane |first=James L. |chapter=Marxian Macroeconomics |title=Macroeconomics Before Keynes |url=https://archive.org/details/macroeconomicsbe00cochrich | ...