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...an [[Economics|economic theory]] which predicts a relationship between the inflation rates of two countries over a specified period and the movement in the exch ...this concept in economic research is the fact that most countries publish inflation data normalized to an arbitrary year, but not absolute price level data. ...

...cal]], or [[monetary policy]], that predicts that a substantial level of [[inflation]] is harmless, desirable or even advantageous. Similarly, inflationist econ ...argely opposed to inflationist policies – some inflation is necessary, but inflation beyond a low level is not desirable. However, [[deflation]] is often seen a ...

...n New Challenges for Monetary Policy. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.</ref><ref>Eichengreen, B., Hausman ...t of the [[developing economies]] and independent from histories of high [[inflation]] and [[currency depreciation]]. However, this early study left the causes ...

...movement]]. Long time ago scientists recognized the important role played by the money supply. Nevertheless, only approximately 50 years ago did [[Milto ...services of an economy that is monetized—being actually paid for in money by the purchaser—to substitute bartering.<ref name="FTM">{{cite journal|last1= ...

...ent to hit its target. The concept of NGDP targeting was formally proposed by [[Neo-Keynesian economics|neo-Keynesian]] economists [[James Meade]] in 197 ...ularized in the wake of the [[2008 financial crisis|2008 financial crash]] by a group of economists (most notably [[Scott Sumner]]) whose views came to b ...

This page lists details of the [[consumer price index]] by country. The monthly and annual CPI is calculated and posted monthly by the [[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Argentina]].<ref>{{cit ...

[[File:Zimbabwe inflation.webp|thumb|Zimbabwe's inflation of almost 25,000% in 2007]] ...d filing official inflation statistics. However, Zimbabwe's peak month of inflation is estimated at 79.6 billion percent month-on-month, 89.7 sextillion (<math ...

...the foreign sector surplus and [[private sector]] surplus have been offset by a government budget deficit.<ref name="NPI">[https://www.npi.org.uk/blog/ec ...at the [[Levy Economics Institute]] to support macroeconomic modelling and by [[Modern Monetary Theory|Modern Monetary Theorists]] to illustrate the rela ...

{{short description|2018 book by Bryan Caplan}} | country = United States ...

{{Short description|1979 book by Richard Swinburne}} <!-- {{DISPLAYTITLE:The Existence of God (book by Swinburne, edition 2004)}}--> ...

...ast date to a later time, following changes in the value of money due to [[inflation]] and deflation. Since, at any given time, the number of chemical plants i ...defined point in time or the average price in a certain year), multiplied by 100. Raw materials, products and energy prices, labor and construction cos ...

The '''poverty gap index''' is a measure of the degree of [[poverty]] in a country. It is defined as extent to which individuals on average fall below the pov ...i=10.2307/1912718}}</ref> Poverty gap index estimates the depth of poverty by considering how far the poor are from that poverty line on average.<ref>{{c ...

...Sheet|doi-access=free}}</ref> As of 2021, the system issues alerts for the country's [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] (specifically the states o ...c event and issue an alert before widespread shaking is felt. It does this by detecting an earthquake's fast moving (but weak) [[P wave]]s, then computes ...

'''Unemployment in the United Kingdom''' is measured by the [[Office for National Statistics]]. As of February 2024, the U.K. unemp ...ulletin. Estimates are available by sex, age, duration of unemployment and by area of the UK. ...

...consumption]] of Earth's natural resources for that year), and multiplying by 365 (366 in leap years), the number of days in a year: ...is calculated by [[Global Footprint Network]] and is a campaign supported by dozens of other nonprofit organizations.<ref name="EOD">{{cite web |url=htt ...

...odel of [[Planned economy#Central planning|centralized planning]] employed by [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist–Leninist]] [[socialist state]]s modeled on the [ ...all levels of decision making; the absence of control over decision making by the population [...].|isbn=978-0-230-54697-4}}</ref> An example of analytic ...

...]. Here, a ''tiling'' is a covering of [[two-dimensional space|the plane]] by non-overlapping polygons or other shapes, and a tiling is ''aperiodic'' if ...lled [[kite (geometry)|kites]] and darts. The Penrose tilings are obtained by constraining the ways in which these shapes are allowed to fit together in ...

...ate, particularly how broad its implications are, has not been agreed upon by economists. ...ccording to Harrod, the natural rate is the maximum rate of growth allowed by the increase of variables like [[population growth]], [[technological impro ...

| [[File:EconomistHomePrices20050615.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Inflation-adjusted housing prices in [[Japan]] (1980–2005) compared to home price app ...> An approximate formula for the monthly cost of owning a home is obtained by computing the [[Fixed rate mortgage#Monthly payment formula|monthly mortgag ...

...[[genome-wide association study|genome wide association studies]] (GWAS). By tracing the origins of structure, it is also possible to study the [[geneti ...al separation by distance or barriers, like mountains and rivers, followed by [[genetic drift]]. Other causes include [[gene flow]] from migrations, [[po ...