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...rs when two firms with market power (i.e., not in a situation of [[perfect competition]]), at different vertical levels in the same [[supply chain]], apply a mark ...tion]].<ref>Belleflamme, Paul., Peitz, Martin. (2009). “Part IV. Theory of competition policy” Cambridge University Press</ref> ...

* {{Cite journal |last=Robinson |first=Joan |title=Imperfect Competition and Falling Supply Price |journal=The Economic Journal |volume=42 |issue=16 ...

{{Short description|Economic model of monopolistic competition}} ...| first2 = Joseph E. |author-link1 = Avinash Dixit | title = Monopolistic competition and optimum product diversity | journal = The American Economic Review | vo ...

...ing and able to sell at a particular price. This differs from the Bertrand competition model where it is assumed that firms are willing and able to meet all deman ...ph Louis François Bertrand]] (1822–1900) developed the model of [[Bertrand competition]] in oligopoly. This approach was based on the assumption that there are a ...

{{Competition law}} ...ompetitive constraints. Monopsony power exists when one buyer faces little competition from other buyers for that labour or good, so they are able to set wages or ...

...the individual producer".<ref>Joan Robinson, ''The economics of imperfect competition'' (1933), p. 86.</ref> Keynes interprets the relation between ''output'' a ...

...constitutes in sound the sensation of a beat, when two strings forming an imperfect unison, are heard to vibrate together.<ref name=Young1807> ...l notes produce an alternate intension and remission, in the beating of an imperfect unison.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Young |first=Thomas |title=A Syllabus of a Co ...

...and [[Go (game)|Go]], the MDP would be fully observable. In settings with imperfect information, especially in real-world applications like [[self-driving car| == Cooperation vs. competition == ...

...2003);<ref>Amir, R., and V. E. Lambson (2003): “Entry, Exit, and Imperfect Competition in the Long Run,” ''Journal of Economic Theory'', 110(1), 191–203.</ref> Vi ...2013): “Markov Stationary Equilibria in Stochastic Supermodular Games with Imperfect Private and Public Information,” ''Dynamic Games and Applications'', 3(2), ...

...76.cfm Commerce Department Announces Winner of Global Information Security Competition]. Nist.gov (1997-09-12). Retrieved on 2014-05-11.</ref> AES is still consid ...ward Secrecy: How Diffie-Hellman Fails in Practice |url=https://weakdh.org/imperfect-forward-secrecy.pdf |date=October 2015}}</ref> ...

...ref> The most important properties of hypercycles are autocatalytic growth competition between cycles, once-for-ever selective behaviour, utilization of small sel ...known as the error threshold problem. It arises because replication is an imperfect process, and during each replication event, there is a risk of incorporatin ...

...ates. Candidates differ in terms of their objective merit, but voters have imperfect information about the relative merits of the candidates. Such jury models a ...ons include [[barriers to entry]] to the [[electoral competition|political competition]]<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tullock |first1=Gordon |year=1965 |title=Entry ...

...f [[supply and demand]], and is essential aspects of models of [[imperfect competition]]. ...

{{term|[[Competition law|antitrust law]]}} {{ghat|Also called a '''competition law''' or '''anti-monopoly law'''.}} ...

## Angular and subangular: Blocky peds are imperfect cubes, 5–50&nbsp;mm, angular have sharp edges, subangular have rounded edge ...pore space such that many microbial and faunal organisms are not in direct competition with one another, which may explain not only the large number of species pr ...

...act with one another and an equilibrium price exists if there is [[perfect competition]], no [[Externality|externalities]], and [[Perfect information (economics)| ...4364 }}}} proposed a business cycle theory based on rational expectations, imperfect information, and market clearing. While building this model, Lucas attempte ...

...ported that [[SAT]] verbal scores were on the decline, these scores are an imperfect measure of the vocabulary level of the nation as a whole because the test-t ...those of their parents the Baby Boomers: their huge number means that the competition for jobs was always going to be intense.<ref name=":410">{{Cite book|last=Z ...

.../mgi_big_data_exec_summary.pdf Big data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity] McKinsey Global Institute May 2011</ref> One question fo ...Hung | last7 = Byers | title = Big Data: The next frontier for innovation, competition, and productivity | publisher = McKinsey Global Institute | date = May 2011 ...