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...the Meyer hardness test. Notice that the Brinell test can report the same hardness value for a given specimen twice depending on the load.]] ...is a [[hardness]] test based upon [[projected area]] of an impression. The hardness, <math>H</math>, is defined as the maximum load, <math>P_\text{max}</math> ...

...load required to leave the indentation.<ref name=kts>{{Citation | title = Hardness Testing | url = http://www.keytometals.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=k ...al to initial penetration<ref name="Hoyt">S.L. Hoyt, "The Ball Indentation Hardness Test," ''Trans. Am. Soc. Steel Treating'', '''6''' (1924).</ref> ...

...he result of geometrically necessary dislocations. <math>H_0</math> is the hardness due solely to statistically stored dislocations without the impact of geome ...urements at varying depths. [[Dislocation|Dislocations]] increase material hardness by increasing [[flow stress]] through dislocation blocking mechanisms.<ref> ...

: ''H'' is the [[hardness]] of the softest contacting surfaces ...e quality, chemical affinity between the material of two surfaces, surface hardness process, heat transfer between two surfaces and others. ...

...d-ultrasonic-pulse-velocity-and-pulse-echo-testing/|title=Equotip portable hardness testers|last=Leeb, Rockwell & UCI|website=proceq.com|access-date=2019-04-04 ...rmination by a combination of Rebound Number, UPV and uniaxial compressive tests on cubical concrete samples |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04. ...

...n use: molar and mass concentrations, alkalinity, buffer capacities, water hardness, conductivity and others. ...ty]], buffer capacities ([[Acid neutralizing capacity|ANC]], BNC), [[water hardness]], [[ionic strength]] ...

...solved in polynomial time for arbitrary graphs unless [[P = NP]]. Stronger hardness results are also known showing that it is difficult to [[approximation algo ==NP-hardness== ...

==Hardness== ...matroid only by independence tests needs to make an exponential number of tests.{{r|jk}} ...

...tion. HY-80 is prone to the formation of martensite and martensite's peak hardness is dependent on its carbon content. HY-80 is an [[face-centred cubic|FCC]] ![[Hardness]] ([[Rockwell hardness|Rockwell]]) ...

...itle=Ferrite slip system activation investigated by uniaxial micro-tensile tests and simulations |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S135 ...Gibbs free energy]] per mole of solution and the composition. It increases hardness and decreases magneticity.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Örnek |first ...

| contribution = Who needs crossings? Hardness of plane graph rigidity ...graph, but these are not also sufficient criteria: a graph may pass Kurz's tests and still not be a matchstick graph.<ref>{{citation ...

...at no such circuit exists. {{harvtxt|Edmonds|1971}} used a subroutine that tests whether a given set is independent (that is, in more modern terminology, an ...d off a flurry of papers in the late 1970s and early 1980s showing similar hardness results for problems on matroids<ref>{{harvtxt|Lovász|1981}}; {{harvtxt|Sey ...

It has been proven that symbolic regression is an [[NP-hardness|NP-hard]] problem, in the sense that one cannot always find the best possib ...., x_i, x_{i+1}, ..., x_n) = g(x_1,..., x_i) + h(x_{i+1},..., x_n)</math>, tests against the neural network can recognize the separation and proceed to solv ...

...SS_17.pdf | author=Donald Davidson and Jacob Marschak | title=Experimental tests of a stochastic decision theory | institution=Stanford University | type=Te ...y 2020}} for '''WST''', '''SST''' and '''LST''' models are in general [[NP-hardness|NP-Hard]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=deCani|first=John S.|date=December 1969| ...

...ry soft through medium) and a pencil (hard) or knife (very hard) below the hardness boundary of ice. ...aft at McMurdo Station -- Antarctica -- November 2016.jpg|thumb|Acceptance tests of the Phoenix Runway for wheeled aircraft at [[McMurdo Station]] with a [[ ...

...memory than explicit methods such as [[adjacency list]]s, and with faster tests for whether two vertices are adjacent. This method was used in an early app ...NP-hard to compute the intersection number of a given graph. In turn, the hardness of the intersection number has been used to prove that it is NP-complete to ...

...eactivities]] (ASR).<ref name="Cempozz_Fly_Ash" /> For example, durability tests have been performed according to the "Bache method" (see diagram). Samples ...company, on concrete made from an EMC made from fly ash.&nbsp;&nbsp;These tests confirmed that the cast concrete "showed a low surface specific leachabilit ...

...t4=Douglas L. |last5=Koch |first5=Carl C. |title=A Novel Low-Density, High-Hardness, High-entropy Alloy with Close-packed Single-phase Nanocrystalline Structur ...uctile to brittle transition]] was observed in the BCC AlCrFeCoNi alloy in tests as low as 77 K.<ref name="2014 review"/> ...

...notched specimens (see figure) in so-called single-edge-notch-bend (SENB) tests. In [[fracture mechanics]], the measured data (force, geometry and crack su Tensile tests of CMCs usually show nonlinear stress-strain curves, which look as if the m ...

...ion to the utilitarian welfare and for the Chamberlin-Courant welfare. She tests three algorithms on real data from the PB in [[Portugalete]] in 2018; the r ...FJR budget-allocation yields a solution to the knapsack instance. The same hardness exists even with approval ballots and cost-based satisfaction, by reduction ...