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...of sets. Randolph diagrams were created by mathematician John F. Randolph in 1965, during his tenure at the [[University of Arkansas]]. ...each line as ''belonging to'' or ''relating to'' one logical statement or set. Any dot above the line indicates truth or inclusion and below the line ind ...

{{Short description|Graphical language for quantum processes}} ...map between qubits can be represented as a diagram, and different sets of graphical rewrite rules are [[Completeness (logic)|complete]] for different families ...

...t2=Ögren |first2=Petter |year=2018 |arxiv=1709.00084 |title=Behavior Trees in Robotics and AI: An Introduction |publisher=CRC Press |doi=10.1201/97804294 ...lving Behaviour Trees for the Commercial Game DEFCON |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=6024 |year=2010 |chapter-url=http://ccg.doc.gold.a ...

In [[quantum mechanics]], and especially [[quantum information]] theory, the '''purity''' of a normalized [[quantum state]] is a scalar defined as ...fall-2012/lecture-notes/MIT22_51F12_Ch7.pdf | title=Lecture notes: Quantum Theory of Radiation Interactions, Chapter 7: Mixed states| last=Cappellaro| first= ...

...le a [[Formula (mathematical logic)|formula]] denotes a mathematical fact. In particular, terms appear as components of a formula. This is analogous to n ...valuates to [[Truth#Truth in mathematics|true]] or [[False (logic)|false]] in [[Principle of bivalence|bivalent logics]], given an [[interpretation (logi ...

...parse PCA) is a technique used in statistical analysis and, in particular, in the analysis of [[multivariate analysis|multivariate]] data sets. It extend ...ngs has been used for the coefficients. This is quite unfortunate, because in SPCA the coefficients are not equal to the loadings.</ref> are equal to ze ...

...to knowledge representation in artificial intelligence and decision making in finance and accounting by Liping Liu.<ref>Liu, Liping, Catherine Shenoy, an ...ections. A linear belief function is a special type of [[belief function]] in the sense that its [[focal elements]] are exclusive, parallel sub-hyperplan ...

{{Short description|Vertex adjacent to all others in a graph}} ...ed a '''dominating vertex''', as it forms a one-element [[dominating set]] in the graph. A graph that contains a universal vertex may be called a '''cone ...

...tificial intelligence]] communities. The law and algorithm were introduced in a semi-tutorial by Srinivas M. Aji and [[Robert McEliece|Robert J. McEliece ...plied, to each term of the binomial factor <math> b + c </math>, resulting in the product <math> a*b + a*c </math>"'' - Britannica.<ref name=Britannica> ...

...opology. Topology is not concerned with the physical layout of components in a circuit, nor with their positions on a [[circuit diagram]]; similarly to ...tors and capacitors in a [[low-pass]] [[Electronic filter|filter]] results in a [[high-pass]] filter. These might be described as high-pass and low-pass ...

{{Machine learning|Theory}} ...It is said that there is greater [[variance]] in the model's [[estimation theory|estimated]] [[statistical parameter|parameters]]. ...

...ambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-139-43516-1}}</ref> he developed this theory and proposed what he called “the robot,” which was not Bayesian programming may also be seen as an algebraic formalism to specify [[graphical model]]s such as, for instance, [[Bayesian network]]s, [[dynamic Bayesian n ...

...in the [[K-means clustering|''k''-means algorithm]], is a frequent problem in [[data clustering]], and is a distinct issue from the process of actually s For a certain class of [[clustering algorithm]]s (in particular ''k''-means, [[K-medoid|''k''-medoids]] and [[expectation–maximi ...

[[File:Pythagorean proof (1).svg|300px|right|thumb|An example of "beauty in method"—a simple and elegant visual descriptor of the [[Pythagorean theorem ==In method== ...

...[ionization]] of a strong acid in solution is effectively complete, except in its most concentrated solutions. ...dissociated acid and its dissociation products being present, in solution, in [[Equilibrium chemistry|equilibrium]] with each other. ...

...d observations in outcrops, as well as in [[thin section]]s, are important in reconstructing the [[paleostress]] trajectories. ...959. The mechanisms of oblique slip faulting. Geol. Mag. 96,109-117.</ref> in the 1950s, similar assumptions have been used throughout the decades. ...

{{short description|General, formal theory of continuous quantity}} ...easurement''' or '''additive conjoint measurement''') is a general, formal theory of continuous [[quantity]]. It was independently discovered by the French e ...

...e in some situations preferences can form [[cycle (graph theory)|cycles]], in which case there exists no well-defined optimal choice. An example of this ...ences possess also have major effects on [[rational choice theory]], which in turn affects all modern economic topics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hansson ...

{{wiktionary|Appendix:Glossary of set theory}} This is a glossary of terms and definitions related to the topic of [[set theory]]. ...

...formula <math> \exists x P(x)</math> expresses that there exists something in the domain which satisfies that property. A formula where a quantifier take ...[[negation]]. They can also be used to define more complex quantifiers, as in the formula <math> \neg \exists x P(x)</math> which expresses that nothing ...