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...play a pivotal role in shaping the structure, composition, and dynamics of planets and moons within a stellar system. ...K. |last4=Chapman |first4=Clark R. |date=July 1978 |title=Planetesimals to planets: Numerical simulation of collisional evolution |url=https://linkinghub.else ...

| exosolar planets = ...website=www.exoplanetkyoto.org}}</ref> Since 38 Virginis b is almost a gas giant, the [[Habitability of natural satellites|habitability]] is instead conside ...

...ebble accretion in the inner Solar System resulting in smaller terrestrial planets, a small mass of [[Mars]] and a low mass asteroid belt. ...rechts|first1=M.|last2=Johansen|first2=A.|title=Forming the cores of giant planets from the radial pebble flux in protoplanetary discs|journal=Astronomy & Ast ...

| caption = Artist's conception of the Kepler-46 system showing the two planets. Planet b transits its star, the same method by which it was detected.<!--i ...been found to possess a [[planetary system]] consisting of at least three planets and while it has a similar mass to the Sun (90%) it is significantly older ...

...ne-of-sight]], so the real [[orbital inclination]]s and true masses of the planets are generally unknown.<ref name="Astrobiology"/> This is a result of '''si Most stars will not have their planets lined up and orientated so that they eclipse over the center of the star an ...

...tle=On the naming convention used for multiple star systems and extrasolar planets |date=2010 |last1=Hessman |first1=F. V. |last2=Dhillon |first2=V. S. |last3 ...2016. This planet has a relatively low eccentricity out of any long-period giant exoplanet discovered, with an eccentricity of 0.03. The planet has a mass o ...

...ughnut]] shape. While no firm theoretical understanding as to how toroidal planets could [[Planetary formation|form naturally]] is necessarily known, the shap ...d matter such as the typical [[silicate]]-[[ferrous]] composition of rocky planets [[Lane–Emden equation|behaves fluidly]], and satisfies the condition for ev ...

{{Short description|Gas giant exoplanet orbiting HIP 65426}} ...tor of 10 and that it will be able to image 0.3 {{Jupiter mass|link=true}} planets at 100 [[Astronomical unit|au]] for [[Main sequence|main-sequence stars]], ...

{{short description|Gas giant exoplanet with a potential exomoon}} Kepler-1708b is a [[gas giant]] planet slightly smaller than Jupiter in size, with a radius of 0.89&nbsp; ...

==Calculation for extrasolar planets== ...0000good/page/46}}</ref><ref name=":1" /> The surface temperatures of such planets are more accurately estimated by modeling thermal radiation transport throu ...

| discovery_method = [[Methods of detecting extrasolar planets#Radial velocity|Radial velocity]] ([[European Southern Observatory]]) ...mass and radius greater than that of Earth, but smaller than that of the [[giant planet]]s [[Uranus]] and [[Neptune]]. It is heavier than Earth with a minim ...

...an [[stellar evolution|evolved]] early [[stellar classification|K-type]] [[giant star]] that has exhausted [[hydrogen]] at its core and left the [[main sequ ...last9=Palacios |first9=A. |last10=Ottoni |first10=G. |title=Lithium in red giant stars: Constraining non-standard mixing with large surveys in the Gaia era ...

{{Short description|Gas giant orbiting Epsilon Indi A}} '''Epsilon Indi Ab''' is a [[gas giant]] [[exoplanet]] orbiting the star [[Epsilon Indi]] A, about 11.9 [[light-ye ...

...bcode=2013A&A...555A.120G |title=Luminosities of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars in the Milky Way |author = Guandalini, R. |author2 = Cristallo ...

...11 or 15 Earth masses, suggesting that it is likely a [[Neptune]]-like ice giant. Unlike [[HD 219134 b]] and [[HD 219134 c]] it is not observed to transit a ...to the high metal content of the host star, the planet might not be an ice giant.{{citation needed|date=December 2022}} For a rock-iron composition, HD 2191 ...

...ta, which is sparse for Mars and very uncertain for Venus, the three inner planets then become progressively more depleted in K passing from Mars to Earth to {{Main|Giant-impact hypothesis}} ...

...nd-astrophysics-vol.-1-a-gel.-institute-o/mode/2up}}</ref> while the [[red giant]] and [[carbon star]] [[R Leporis]] has one of the largest, at +5.74.<ref>{ Color indices can also be determined for other celestial bodies, such as planets and moons: ...

...will change during one revolution due to gravitational perturbations from planets. --> ...ed apparently close to Mars on October 15. The comet came to [[Opposition (planets)|opposition]] at 178° from the Sun on March 14, 2011<ref name="Marcus2011"/ ...

...ini|author10= D. Segransan|title=The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses ...ess massive than the [[Sun]]. The star has six known [[extrasolar planet|planets]], three discovered in 2008<ref name=sb /><ref name=msnbc>{{cite web |url=h ...

...by an amateur is the [[Gravitational microlensing#Detection of extrasolar planets|microlensing exoplanet]] [[Kojima-1Lb]].<ref name="Fukui2019"/> ...ve formed in a closer orbit around the star via [[Nebular hypothesis#Giant planets|core accretion or disk instability]] and was later dynamically disturbed in ...