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{{Short description|Type of conformal map projection}} ...projection SW.JPG|250px|thumb|Stereographic projection of the world north of 30°S. 15° graticule.]] ...

...ts play a pivotal role in shaping the structure, composition, and dynamics of planets and moons within a stellar system. == History == ...

...ea_projection_SW.jpg|400px|thumb|Lambert cylindrical equal-area projection of the world; standard parallel at 0°]] ...0°, normal) cylindrical equal-area projection with [[Tissot's indicatrix]] of deformation]] ...

{{Short description|Intensity of ground shaking during an earthquake}} ...eismic magnitude scales]], which measure the magnitude or overall strength of an earthquake, which may, or perhaps may not, cause perceptible shaking. ...

[[File:Seismicity map South Africa.jpg|thumb|[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]] seismicity map for South Africa]] The following is a list of notable [[earthquake]]s or tremors that have been detected within [[South A ...

...nsible for heat loss, to material properties that determine the efficiency of heat transport. ...ated to be about 1350 C today. There is an analogous potential temperature of the core but since there are no samples from the core its present-day tempe ...

...ion and whether the data is hard copy or computerized, the principal steps of computer resource estimation are: # Creation, standardization and validation of the database. ...

.... 15° graticule, 115°W and 65°E central meridians. Imagery is a derivative of NASA’s Blue Marble summer month composite with oceans lightened to enhance ...rojection, it preserves no particular properties, instead giving a balance of distortions. ...

[[File:Geological bodies modelling.jpg|thumb|Pure shear sandbox model of [[thrust fault]] formation|436x436px]] ...Experimental tectonics: from Sir James Hall to the present|journal=Journal of Geodynamics|volume=32|issue=1–2|pages=65–76|doi=10.1016/s0264-3707(01)00023 ...

{{Short description|Natural lowering of a stream bed deep near bedrock over time}} ...and the bedrock channel profile |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface |volume=110 |issue=F4 |year=2005 |last1=Lague |first1=Dimitri |last ...

{{Short description|Geochemical transformation of silicate rocks}} ...thumb|upright=2|This figure describes the geological aspects and processes of the carbonate silicate cycle, within the long-term carbon cycle.|alt=]] ...

...2010 (left), and of the supermoon of March 19, 2011 (right) as viewed from Earth]] ...ember 8, 2014}}</ref> The technical name is a '''perigee syzygy''' (of the Earth–Moon–Sun system) or a '''full''' (or '''new''') '''Moon around perigee'''.{ ...

...cription|Process of reconstructing the positions of tectonic plates in the geological past}} ...a history of the movement of tectonic plates, see [[Geological history of Earth]].'' ...

{{Short description|Subatomic particle emitted by radioactive elements in the Earth}} ...geoneutrinos from natural [[Uranium-238]] and [[Thorium-232]] decay in the Earth’s crust and mantle as well as manmade reactor-v̄_e emitted by pow ...

| birth_place = [[Tokyo]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] | title = Geological idea of Yanosuke Otuka, who built the foundation of neotectonics (geoscientist) ...

...on the flanks of a [[mid-ocean ridge]] is determined mainly by the ''age'' of the [[oceanic lithosphere]]; older seafloor is deeper. During [[seafloor sp ...rica|editor=A. E. J. Engel|place=Boulder, CO|pages=599–620|chapter=History of Ocean Basins|editor2=Harold L. James|editor3=B. F. Leonard|chapter-url=http ...

...rpreted as records of the changing [[sulfur cycle]] throughout the earth's history. ...me="reviews">{{cite journal| vauthors = Canfield DE |title=Biogeochemistry of Sulfur Isotopes|journal=[[Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry]]|date=200 ...

...on. Electron leaves its site and recombines with hole by thermal vibration of the [[Lattice structure|lattices]]. The process generate [[luminescence]] s ...y Sciences|language=en|volume=39|issue=1|pages=461–488|doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133425|issn=0084-6597|bibcode=2011AREPS..39..461R}}</ref> As they c ...

...scription|Dating technique to study geological history using nuclear decay of the mineral monazite}} ...s, M. L., Jercinovic, M. J., & Terry, M. P. (1999). Age mapping and dating of monazite on the electron microprobe: Deconvoluting multistage tectonic hist ...

...ption|Gochronological dating method utilizing the radioactive decay system of lutetium–176}} ...[Ionic radius|ionic radii]], Lu is usually found in trace amount in [[rare-earth element]] loving minerals, such as [[garnet]] and [[Phosphate minerals|phos ...