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{{Short description|Geographic coordinate system}} {{broader|Geographic coordinate system}} ...

...tersby"/>{{rp|87}} Mistaking Web Mercator for the standard Mercator during coordinate conversion can lead to deviations as much as 40&nbsp;km on the ground.<ref ...ith%20Code&title=EPSG:3857 |archive-date=2012-06-22}}</ref> The underlying geographic coordinates are defined using the [[WGS84]] ellipsoidal model of the Earth' ...

Under Chinese law, the use of [[Geographic information systems in China|geographic information in the People's Republic of China]] is restricted to entities t ...ers said that these restrictions are to "safeguard the security of China's geographic information".<ref name="Reuters-2017">{{Cite news|date=2017-04-27|title=Chi ...

to the zenith. So given an astronomical picture with a coordinate system with a known direction In the [[Celestial coordinate system|equatorial system]] of right ascension, {{math|α}}, and declination, ...

...is a function of both the [[time]] and the [[geographic coordinate system|geographic location]] of observation on [[Earth]]'s surface. As [[Earth's orbit|Earth ...transits]] the observer's [[meridian (astronomy)|meridian]] depends on the geographic [[longitude]]. ...

{{Short description|Coordinate system for planets}} ...odetic]], and the [[geocentric coordinate system|geocentric]] [[coordinate systems]] for [[planet]]s other than Earth. ...

...onal Geospatial-Intelligence Agency.<ref>{{cite web |title=Geotrans, 2010, Geographic translator, version 3.0 |url=http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/publications/} ...at=PDF |url=https://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/docs/support/guide-coordinate-systems-great-britain.pdf?awc=2495_1472758581_2be7907c343c32b09a8d5171103197d7}}</r ...

...|url-status=dead }}</ref> Common abstractions for the surface between two geographic points are: ...'' be expressed in the specified units to obtain the correct result. Where geographic coordinates are used as the argument of a trigonometric function, the value ...

...potential difference. For a transformation from a rotating magnetospheric coordinate system into a non-rotating system, τ must be replaced by the longitude -λ. ...rtunately, this connection is unique only for horizontally flowing current systems. E.g., the vertically flowing field-aligned currents have almost no magnet ...

...quatorial Mercator. Forms the basis of the [[Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system]]. ...ulated values. Used by Rand McNally since inception and used by [[National Geographic Society|NGS]] in 1988–1998. ...

Another disadvantage is that in systems with a dominant central body, such as the [[Sun]], it is necessary to carry ...\mathbf{\hat{e}}_1, \mathbf{\hat{e}}_2, \mathbf{\hat{e}}_3</math> define a coordinate system fixed on the primary body. For the Earth, <math>\mathbf{\hat{e}}_1</ ...

...the Earth. Taking partial derivatives of that function with respect to a coordinate system will then resolve the directional components of the gravitational ac in which {{mvar|g}}(''&phi;'') is the gravity as a function of the [[geographic latitude]] ''&phi;'' of the position whose gravity is to be determined, <ma ...

* [[Coordinate]]s ...ervice John|language=de|access-date=May 21, 2017}}</ref> or railway survey systems like GPSinfradat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bahnkonzept.de/en/compendi ...

=== Triaxial ellipsoid coordinate system === [[File:Triaxial ellipsoid coordinate system.svg|thumb| ...

...ighly efficient, [[multi-junction]] (MJ) [[solar cells]]. In addition, CPV systems often use [[solar tracker]]s and sometimes a cooling system to further incr ...ing PV technologies, achieving near 40% for production modules and 30% for systems.<ref name="Current-status-FHI-NREL-2015" />{{rp|5}} They enable a smaller p ...

...llar black hole]]s, formed either as remnants of high-mass [[binary star]] systems or by [[stellar dynamics|dynamic processes]] and mutual capture; and binary ...16/02/160211-gravitational-waves-found-spacetime-science/ |work=[[National Geographic News]] |access-date=12 February 2016 |last=Drake |first=Nadia |author-link= ...

...(handheld laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning), whereas airborne systems use lasers with 1000-1600&nbsp;nm wavelength.<ref name=":19" /> * Each data point contains [[Coordinate system|Co-ordinates]] (X, Y, Z co-ordinates in a local reference system)<re ...

...= See [[#Spacecraft and space systems|spacecraft and space systems]] ...t major U.S. forces incorporated information from space-based intelligence systems.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA329263.pdf | title= ...

...ications to diverse and important questions. Important heavy metal isotope systems are discussed (in order of increasing atomic mass) in the proceeding sectio ...tion and condensation of iron, and the diffusion of dissolved iron through systems. These processes are described in more detail below. ...

...are conditions which should be considered in the dive plan. These include geographic factors, like depth, topography, access, tides and currents, normal tempera ...]] which is specific to humans, and influence functioning of technological systems as well as human-environment equilibria. The [[safety]] of [[underwater div ...