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...late]] and the other is the bottom product. The bottom product is mostly [[liquid]] while the overhead fraction can be [[vapour]] or an [[aerosol]]. ...ping]] a countercurrent liquid phase must flow through the column, so that liquid and vapour can contact each other on each stage. ...

...essure method''', is a technique to measure the [[surface tension]] of a [[liquid]], with [[surfactant]]s. ...g molecules. At the [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium state]] of the liquid, interior molecules are under the balanced forces with uniformly distribute ...

...us particles.svg|thumb|left|Mixing of liquids A and B and subsequent phase separation]] ...on is known as liquid-liquid equilibrium. [[Colloid]]s are formed by phase separation, though not all phase separations forms colloids - for example oil and wate ...

...aries, packed with HPLC stationary phase, are subjected to a high voltage. Separation is achieved by electrophoretic migration of solutes and differential partit ...oosmosis instead of pressure (as in HPLC). Electroosmosis is the motion of liquid induced by an applied potential across a porous material, capillary tube, m ...

...act between two [[immiscible]] fluids which can be liquid/liquid or liquid/gas. The fluids are passed through in a [[countercurrent flow]] through a colum ...arge [[surface area]] within the column for interaction between liquid and gas vapors. ...

...n [[thermodynamics]] that describes the critical temperature of the liquid-gas transition T as a function of the range of the attractive potential ''R''. ...perature, pressure, and volume) with respect to their values at the liquid-gas critical point, all simple fluids obey the same reduced equation of state. ...

...in large-scale projects such as water waste treatment due to a continuous gas flow in the solution. ...us.<ref name="BasicPrinciples" /> Wet foam forms closer to the originating liquid, while dry foam develops at the outer boundaries. As such, what most people ...

...long–Petit limit]] of 25&nbsp;J⋅mol⁻¹⋅K⁻¹ = 3&nbsp;[[Gas constant|''R'']] per mole of atoms (see the last column of this table). Fo ...rature, and '''(2)''' loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in s ...

...igh | first1 = Lord | year = 1917 | title = On the pressure developed in a liquid during the collapse of a spherical cavity | url = https://archive.org/detai :<math>\rho_L </math> is the [[density]] of the surrounding liquid, assumed to be constant ...

...es depending on the type of feed present. The concentrated denser solid or liquid is then removed continuously, manually or intermittently, depending on the ...m the plates. A centrifugal pump creates a pressure to discharge the clear liquid from the [[centrifuge]]. The solid is extracted through [[nozzles]] continu ...

...by [[Ernest Rutherford]] and [[Frederick Soddy]]. They developed chemical separation and radiation measurement techniques on terrestrial radioactive substances. === Gas ionization detectors === ...

...8101S|pmid=25723246|arxiv = 1406.6088| s2cid=43186543 }}</ref> emerge in a gas environment and move along their transverse direction. Recently, a new phas ...s]] (biological systems), memory, non-identical particles, the surrounding liquid. ...

...26|title=High-Performance Membranes with Multi-permselectivity for {{CO2}} Separation|journal=Advanced Materials|language=en|volume=24|issue=24|pages=3196–3200|d ...tle=Interfacial polycondensation. II. Fundamentals of polymer formation at liquid interfaces|journal=Journal of Polymer Science|volume=40|issue=137|pages=299 ...

...The equation for determining rate of mass transfer between a food and the gas phase is: ...a molecules in the emulsion, ''A''_gc is the surface area of the gas/food interface, ''t''_c is the time that the surface elements are ...

...echanically for smaller units and hydraulically for larger units to enable separation. ...intermediate de-watering, after which the main filtrate is collected. Wash liquid enters the washing step and final de-watering follows. Wash filtrate is ext ...

...by Means of Dynamic Headspace Extraction and Multiple Headspace Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Quantitative analysis of bioactive compou ...hemistry)|dissolve]] (or disperse) in liquids. The most commonly occurring liquid in the [[biosphere]] is water. All components of the atmosphere are capable ...

...books.google.com/books?id=_50wVzbzDzkC&q=Sr2RhO4+quantum+oscillation+fermi+liquid&pg=PT60}}</ref> ...[[doping (semiconductor)|underdoped]] cuprates behave similar to a [[Fermi liquid]], and display characteristics such as Landau [[quasiparticle]]s.<ref name= ...

.../math> condensation happens. Adsorbate in the adsorbed phase is largely in liquid state, based on which different adsorption and thermodynamic theories as we === Measurement of gas-solid adsorption equilibria === ...

...g from the LEAR facility is stopped by a highly-pressurized [[hydrogen]] [[gas]] target. The low [[momentum]] of the antiprotons and the high [[pressure]] ...pressurized hydrogen gas target. A hydrogen gas target was used instead of liquid hydrogen to minimize the amount of matter in the decay volume. The target i ...

...ange in Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence">{{cite journal |title=Evidence for Gas Exchange in Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence |pages=865–868 |author1=Thomas J ...rocess. Several theories say that the location of light emission is in the liquid instead of inside the bubble. Other SBSL theories explain that the emission ...