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The Waxman-Bahcall limit comes from the analysis of [[cosmic ray]]s at various energy levels and their respective fluxes. Cosmic rays are hi ...heir fluxes can be determined and created. The plot below shows the cosmic-ray energy spectrum. Caution: the energy spectrum of atmospheric neutrinos is d ...

...in a letter in ''[[Physical Review Letters]]'', and suggested that [[gamma-ray]] observations be made of the comet to test this hypothesis.<ref name=NS197 ...−4</sup> of the total. Further, the uniformly terrene nature of the cosmic ray flux indicates that nowhere in the Milky Way are there any sources of heavi ...

...event similar to [[Supernova|supernovae]] and [[Gamma-ray burst|gamma-ray bursts]] with high optical luminosity, rapid evolution, and predominantly blue emi ...t11=David K. |last12=Sunyaev |first12=Rashid |date=2022-08-01 |title=The X-Ray and Radio Loud Fast Blue Optical Transient AT2020mrf: Implications for an E ...

...rahertz radiation|terahertz]] frequencies (<math>10^{12}</math> Hz) to [[X-ray]] wavelengths (<math>10^{18}</math> to <math>10^{19}</math>Hz).<ref>{{Cite ...<math>10^{24}</math> W/<math>cm^{2}</math>, and a very intense, brilliant gamma beam obtained by incoherent [[Compton scattering|Compton back scattering]] ...

|image1=Gamma Decay.svg |caption1=Illustration of an emission of a gamma ray (''γ'') from an atomic nucleus ...

...nal |last1=Taverna |first1=Roberto |last2=Turolla |first2=Roberto |title=X-ray Polarization from Magnetar Sources |journal=Galaxies |date=February 2024 |v ...rization signal over time which maybe washing out an actual moderate gamma-ray burst polarization. Hence, the authors have cautioned against over-interpre ...

...msstrahlung photons and of positrons for calculations of terrestrial gamma-ray flashes and positron beams. Atmos. Res. (2014), vol. 135-136, pp. 432-465</ ...

...ave since been observed, with detections at optical, infrared, radio and X-ray wavelengths. Sometimes a star can survive the encounter with an SMBH, leavi TDEs were first observed in the early 1990s using the X-ray [[ROSAT]] All-Sky Survey.{{cn|date=May 2024}} ...

...ip lines are reached by [[photodisintegration]], where a high-energy gamma ray knocks a nucleon out of a nucleus. The same nucleus is subject both to a fl ...s the drip lines, where photodisintegration may be induced by lower energy gamma rays. At {{val|e=9}} kelvin, the photon distribution is energetic enough to ...

...Oscar |year=2021 |title=Primordial black hole origin for thermal gamma-ray bursts |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=506 |iss ...the size of faint dwarf galaxies, and the absence of correlation between X-ray and radio sources toward the galactic center. ...

...-Camelia |first1=G. |title=Waves on noncommutative spacetime and gamma-ray bursts |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics A |volume=15 |issue=27 |pa ...x}^\dagger,\quad \beta\alpha=q^2\alpha\beta,\ [\alpha,\delta]=0,\ [\beta,\gamma]=(1-q^{-2})\alpha(\delta-\alpha),\ [\delta,\beta]=(1-q^{-2})\alpha\beta</ma ...

...irst2=J. W. T.|last3=Lorimer|first3=D. R.|date=2019-05-24|title=Fast radio bursts|journal=The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review|language=en|volume=27|issue=1 ...xy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/10/science/neutron-star-fast-radio-bursts.html |date=10 January 2018 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=11 Jan ...

===Coincident gamma-ray observation=== ...he [[AGILE (satellite)|AGILE]] space telescope also did not detect a gamma-ray counterpart of the event.<ref name="AGILE_4Apr16" /> ...

...|first2=Matthew |title=Constraints on Relativity Violations from Gamma-Ray Bursts |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=110 |issue=20 |date=14 May 2013 |i ...title=Sensitive polarimetric search for relativity violations in gamma-ray bursts |journal=Physical Review Letters |volume=97 |issue=14 |date=2 October 2006 ...

...0319B illustration NASA.jpg|thumb|200px|Measurements on light from [[gamma-ray burst]]s show that the speed of light does not vary with energy]] ...laxies has been examined in many experiments. Especially the [[Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope|Fermi-LAT]] group was able show that no energy dependence a ...

...|display-authors=etal |year=2010 |title=Data quality in gravitational wave bursts and inspiral searches in the second Virgo Science Run |journal=[[Classical ...ack hole]] and/or [[neutron star]] binary mergers, rotating neutron stars, bursts and [[supernova]]e explosions, and even the [[gravitational wave background ...

...llective movement of [[dislocations]] within the crystal. The large single bursts are from SBs nucleated from the specimen surface. These results suggest tha ...suppressed the progress of serrated yielding (a series of short strain '''bursts''') relative to that without the spinodal nanostructure. The results reveal ...

...[infrared]]; those around [[neutron star]]s and [[black hole]]s in the [[X-ray]] part of the [[electromagnetic spectrum|spectrum]]. The study of oscillati ...ic nucleus|active galactic nuclei]], [[protoplanetary disk]]s, and [[gamma ray burst]]s all involve accretion disks. These disks very often give rise to [ ...

| gamma rays ...ind this signal would be too close for the Spartan to attack it with its X-ray warhead, which relied on the explosion taking place outside the atmosphere. ...

...a major energy source, possibly even acting as an energy basin for [[gamma-ray burst]]s.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":6" /> ...