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...he membrane filter and diffusive gel and is assimilated by the binding gel in a rate-controlled manner. Post-deployment analysis of the binding gel can b ...traub M, Bochud F, Froidevaux P |title=Passive Sampling Tool for Actinides in Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools |journal=ACS Omega |date=2 June 2022 |volume=7 |is ...

...nanometer scale are of both academic and industrial interest, particularly in regards to [[nanomaterials]] and modern [[integrated circuits]]. ...rical signal is applied to the sample creating Joule heating and resulting in periodic thermal expansion.<ref name="Varesi">{{cite journal | last=Varesi ...

...ic strain energy]], and misinterpretations and disagreements have occurred in the literature. ...ed to as "[[surface tension]]", which contributes further to the confusion in the literature. ...

'''Laser welding of polymers''' is a set of methods used to join [[polymer]]ic components through the use of a [[las ...IE.4831...44H|doi=10.1117/12.486499|s2cid=136720521 }}</ref> They are used in the transmission laser welding techniques. ...

{{about|the vortex-like magnetic structure|the general model in particle physics|skyrmion}} ...saki J, Mochizuki M, Nagaosa N | title = Current-induced skyrmion dynamics in constricted geometries | journal = Nature Nanotechnology | volume = 8 | iss ...

{{About|aspect ratio of still images, films, and digital imagery|display aspect ratio|display aspect ratio|other uses|A ...e 1.85:1 and 2.39:1 in cinematography, 4:3 and 16:9 in television, and 3:2 in still photography. ...

[[File:Ggb in soap bubble 1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|A double bubble. Note that the surface ...on circle. The double bubble theorem was formulated and thought to be true in the 19th century, and became a "serious focus of research" by 1989,{{r|lawl ...

...puting|quantum computers]] with electrons on helium by Platzman and Dykman in 1999.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Platzman|first=P. M.|date=1999-06-18|title=Qu ...|last4=Zipfel|first4=C. L.|date=1976-01-01|title=Spectroscopy of electrons in image-potential-induced surface states outside liquid helium|url=https://li ...

...l failure]] and, at an advanced stage, the formation of [[microplastics]]. In [[textile]]s, the process is called [[phototendering]]. [[File:Plastics market share en.svg|300px|thumb|2013 demand for plastics in Europe, by polymer type:<BR>PP: [[polypropylene]], PE: [[polyethylene]], PV ...

{{Short description|Polymer showing drastic changes in physical properties with temperature}} ...ers belong to the class of [[smart polymer|stimuli-responsive materials]], in contrast to temperature-sensitive (for short, thermosensitive) materials, w ...

...ntal approach to modelling the appearance of [[paint]] films. As published in 1931,<ref name=":1">{{cite journal |last1=Kubelka |first1=Paul |last2=Munk In their article, differential equations are developed using a [[two-stream ap ...

...=Label-free measuring and mapping of binding kinetics of membrane proteins in single living cells|journal=Nature Chemistry|date=2012|volume=4|issue=10|pa ...echnique, plasmon surface polariton (PSP) waves are used for illumination. In simple words, SPRI technology is an advanced version of classical SPR analy ...

{{Short description|Ratio of energy extracted from sunlight in solar cells}} '''Solar-cell efficiency''' is the portion of energy in the form of sunlight that can be converted via [[photovoltaic]]s into elect ...

...=Zhang |first68=G.-X. |last69=Cottenier |first69=S. |title=Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids |journal=Science |date=25 ...e procedure together with a recalculation of the density and the potential in every iteration. It starts with an initial guess for the density and after ...

...solution]] and imaging quality. Tip size and shape are extremely important in monitoring and detecting interactions between surfaces. SPMs can precisely ...d optical functionalities of various samples at nanometer-scale resolution in a vacuum, ambient, or fluid environment. ...

...contains five different [[single crystal]]s arranged around a common axis. In most cases each unit has a [[Cubic crystal system#Bravais lattice|face cent ...]]. Because many different names have been used, sometimes the information in the different disciplines or within any one discipline is fragmented and ov ...

...generate or measure voltage and has been, since an international agreement in 1990, the basis for voltage standards around the world. ...the (inverse) AC Josephson effect. This effect found immediate application in [[metrology]] because it relates the volt to the second through a proportio ...

...cells are solution-processable at high throughput and are cheap, resulting in low production costs to fabricate a large volume.<ref>{{Cite journal|title ...s in windows, walls, flexible electronics, etc. An example device is shown in Fig. 1. The disadvantages of polymer solar cells are also serious: they off ...

...duce the thickness of steel. It was first patented by Richard Ford in 1766 in England. Each stand of a tandem mill is set up for rolling using the mill-stand's spring curve{{Clarify |date=June 2024 ...

...com/article/us-britain-hawking-ashes/stephen-hawking-to-join-newton-darwin-in-final-resting-place-idUSKBN1GW2GV |archive-date=21 March 2018 |url-status=l ...dal]] (2006)|[[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] (2009)|[[Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics]] (2012)|[[BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award ...