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...description|Technical explanation of a rheology model describing the flow of glacial ice}} ...experiments and the Jungfraufirn borehole experiment |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society A |date=1953 |volume=219 |issue=1139 |pages=477–489 |doi= ...

...H. |last4=Hare |first4=P. E. |date=1986-10-01 |title=Kinetic fractionation of stable nitrogen isotopes during amino acid transamination |url=https://dx.d ...g others in ecology, demonstrate the utility of stable isotopes as tracers of environmental processes that are difficult to measure directly. ...

{{Short description|Organism tolerant of a wide temperature range}} ...s2cid=15194087}}</ref> In addition, the ability to survive in a wide range of temperatures increases a species' ability to inhabit other areas, an advant ...

...athematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, U.K.}}</ref> CICE is a type of cryospheric model. ...ate Data Record]].<ref>{{Cite journal|title=NOAA/NSIDC Climate Data Record of Passive Microwave Sea Ice Concentration, Version 3 {{!}} National Snow and ...

...ter quality]], along with oxygen concentration and the presence or absence of pollutants and algal blooms.<ref name=”EPA”>{{cite web | title=Indicators: ...}</ref> Clarity affects the aquatic plants and animals living in all kinds of water bodies, including rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, coasta ...

...y. Despite being present in most of environments around the world, several of these specialized bacteria live in the sea and have been isolated from poll ...crucial because it influences microbial physiology and diversity; the rate of biodegradation generally decreases as the temperature decreases.<ref name=" ...

...en a [[noise (signal processing)|non-interpretable or unwanted component]] of signals recorded by [[seismometer]]s. ...ency waves (above 1&nbsp;Hz) are called [[microtremor]]s. Primary sources of seismic waves include human activities (such as transportation or industria ...

{{Short description|Long-term extrapolated geological and biological changes of planet Earth}} ...of an orange circular object representing the Sun|Conjectured illustration of the scorched [[Earth]] after the [[Sun]] has entered the [[red giant]] phas ...

...cv-c|https://polarjournal.ch/en/2024/04/18/primary-cause-for-the-formation-of-rogue-waves-found/, https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/phoc/46/5/jp {{Short description|Theories explaining the formation of rogue waves}} ...

{{Short description|Total number of living humans on Earth}} ...obabilistic/POP/TOT/900 |access-date= |publisher=United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division}}</ref>]] ...

...t description|Graphical representation of the pressure-temperature history of a metamorphic rock}} ...reach complete equilibrium when discovered on the surface, leaving a print of the past P-T environments. ...

...h by the biological activity of marine organisms and by the natural forces of the Sun and tides and movements within the Earth's crust, these are the mar ..., substances and elements can be imported into or exported from the marine environment. These imports and exports can occur as exchanges with the atmosphere above ...

...art, the horizontal lengths of the red and blue bars indicate the strength of respective feedbacks.]] ...ng Group I to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |page=40 |chapter=Summary for ...

{{Short description|Interdisciplinary field of hydrology, mechanics and meteorology}} [[File:Taku glacier firn ice sampling.png|thumb|right|Snow pit on the surface of a glacier, profiling snow properties, which become increasingly dense as it ...

...]A '''marine food web''' is a [[food web]] of [[marine life]]. At the base of the ocean food web are single-celled algae and other plant-like organisms k ...c interactions can also provide a lot of information about the functioning of marine ecosystems. ...

[[File:Cycle of rocks 2.png|thumb|The main rock types]] ...geographic attribution,''' in [[geology]] refers to the origins or sources of particles within [[sediment]] and [[Sedimentary rock|sedimentary rocks]].<r ...

{{Short description|Kingdom of photosynthetic eukaryotes}} ...itle=Green algae and the origin of land plants |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=91 |issue=10 |pages=1535–1556 |doi=10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535 ...

...rbon (carbon that is, or has been, incorporated into a living thing). Part of the marine carbon cycle transforms carbon between non-living and living mat ...solved inorganic carbon in the marine carbon cycle is a primary controller of [[Acid-base reaction|acid-base chemistry]] in the oceans. ...

{{Short description|Precipitation in the form of water droplets}} {{Listen|filename=Thunder.ogg|title=Rain|description=Typical sound of rain with [[thunder]]|format=[[Ogg]]}} ...

...t lead to variation between them can be applied to address a diverse array of questions ranging from [[ecology]] and [[hydrology]] to [[geochemistry]] an == History of hydrogen isotopes == ...