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[[File:Amanco hit-and-miss engine(GDSF 2007).JPG|thumb|Amanco 'Hired Man' engine<ref >{{Cite web |title=Amanco 2 1/4hp 'Hired Man' engine ...

[[File:TIAC in dry dessert.jpg|thumb|An inlet air cooling system installed in a desert-dry area to increase turbine power output]] ...e web |title=ESTIMATION OF ELECTRICITY DEMAND FOR REMOTE AREA POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS INCLUDING WATER DESALINATION AND DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT MODELS |url=http:// ...

...ed either mechanically (by a fuel distributor), or electronically (by an [[engine control unit]]). Since the 1970s and 1980s, manifold injection has been rep ...ttle valve. Modern manifold injection systems are usually MPI systems; SPI systems are now considered obsolete. ...

...at 0.85 lagging and 0.95 leading angles). In practice, the [[Prime mover (engine)|prime mover]] (a power source that drives the generator) is designed for l ...generator expanded with cooling.png|upright=1.5|thumb|D-curve expands with cooling]] ...

Similarly, biological systems have a viable temperature range, which might be referred to as an "operatin ...fects of creep and thermal fatigue may be mitigated by integrating cooling systems into the device's design, reducing the peak temperature experienced by the ...

...s. Heat and mass are transferred across the boundaries (nonadiabatic, open systems), and the boundaries are moving (usually through pistons). In our formulati ...s a key element of the second law of thermodynamics for open inhomogeneous systems which reads ...

A quantum [[heat engine]] is a device that generates power from the heat flow between hot and cold The operation mechanism of the engine can be described by the laws of [[quantum mechanics]]. ...

...4=Farrokh |last5=Vrijen |first5=Rutger |date=2002-03-19 |title=Algorithmic cooling and scalable NMR quantum computers |journal=Proceedings of the National Aca ...ubset of qubits cooled to a desired threshold determined by the user. This cooling effect may have usages in initializing cold (highly [[Quantum purity|pure]] ...

...ly dependent on factors such as drop size and spray velocity. Evaporation, cooling rates for gases and solids, and cleaning efficiency are examples of process ...>Rudolf J. Schick, ''An Engineer’s Practical Guide to Drop Size'' Spraying Systems Co. [2009]</ref> The spray drops within a given spray are not all the same ...

...ent]], prevent [[thermal shock]], and maximize the efficiency of [[thermal systems]]. Furthermore, these principles find applications in a multitude of fields ...hermal efficiency|thermally efficient materials]], and various engineering systems where the controlled movement of heat is vital. ...

{{Short description|Engine in which fuel combusts with an oxidizer}} ...|thumb|Diagram of a cylinder as found in an overhead cam 4-stroke gasoline engine: {{ubl ...

...is that, in contrast to asynchronous machines, an additional [[excitation systems for synchronous machines|excitation field]] is required for the operation o ...city grid]]. The reactive power behavior is influenced by the [[excitation systems for synchronous machines|excitation current]].<ref name="fischer313">Rolf F ...

...a (ICP) torch is essentially a copper coil of several turns, through which cooling water is running in order to dissipate the heat produced in operation. The ...typically hollow along their cylindrical axis, filled with internal liquid cooling (e.g., de-ionized water) to mitigate high operating temperatures of the coi ...

...first=Vittorio | title=Completely positive dynamical semigroups of N-level systems | journal=Journal of Mathematical Physics | volume=17 | issue=5 | year=1976 ...first=Ronnie | title=A quantum mechanical open system as a model of a heat engine | journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics | volume=80 | issue=4 | date=1984 ...

...ght is converted to heat ([[solar thermal energy]]), which drives a [[heat engine]] (usually a [[steam turbine]]) connected to an electrical [[power generato [[File:1901 solar motor.jpg|thumb|upright|Solar steam engine for water pumping, near Los Angeles circa 1901]] ...

...collection and subsequent interpretation of data, so that the heating and cooling effects of sunlight and shadow may be used intelligently for thermal contro ...title=Basics of Spaceflight Section II|chapter=Chapter 11. Typical Onboard Systems|chapter-url=https://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf11-2.php|publisher=NASA JPL ...

...ourage the manufacture and use of higher efficiency electrically powered [[Engine|motors]]. This article looks at the development of the premium efficiency s ...8 the European Committee of Manufacturers of Electrical Machines and Power systems (CEMEP) issued a voluntary agreement of motor manufacturers on efficiency c ...

...materials. This is even more critical for [[nanoscopic scale|nanoscale]] systems where interfaces could significantly affect the properties relative to bulk ...pplications. High thermal resistance can also be achieved with multilayer systems. ...

...tor, which in turn is cooled by passing air over it. Other active cooling systems make use of a [[Heat pump and refrigeration cycle|refrigeration cycle]]. ...ok|title=2008 ASHRAE handbook : heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning systems and equipment|year=2008|publisher=ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refri ...

...ier.com/retrieve/pii/S1386947702003557 |journal=Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=18–26 |doi=10.1016/S1386-9477 Normal photovoltaic systems however have only one [[p–n junction]] and are therefore subject to a lower ...