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...>{{cite web |title=Intro to Field Emission |publisher=Field Emission / Ion Microscopy Laboratory, Purdue University, Dept. of Physics |url=http://physics.unipune ...erate magnified real-space images of the surface of a tip apex. Typically, microscopy information pertains to the surface [[crystallography]] (i.e., how the atom ...

...16|pmc=4586488|title=Full-color structured illumination optical sectioning microscopy|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=5|pages=14513|year=2015|last1=Qian|first1 ...rent techniques for optical sectioning are used and several [[microscopy]] techniques are specifically designed to improve the quality of optical sectioning. ...

...polarisation interferometry]] and [[electron microscope|scanning electron microscopy]] of cross-sections of the sample. Many thickness monitors and controllers ...

..."A denaturation map of the lamda phage DNA molecule determined by electron microscopy". Journal of Molecular Biology 18: pp. 464-476.</ref> Even though modern [[ ...ons of denaturation based on this information. And requirement of electron microscopy made this method more strenuous to perform. ...

...<ref>[http://ssd.phys.strath.ac.uk/techniques/scanning-electron-microscopy/electron-channelling-contrast-imaging-ecci/ SSD group, University of Strathclyde], U ...on of the 'Kikuchi-like reflection patterns' observed by scanning electron microscopy|journal=Philosophical Magazine|series=16|volume=16|issue=144|year=1967|page ...

...013>{{cite journal |author1=L.V. Wang |author2=J. Yao |title=Photoacoustic Microscopy |journal=Laser Photonics Rev.|volume=7|issue=5|page=10|year=2013|doi=10.100 The goal of photoacoustic microscopy is to find the local pressure rise <math>p_0</math>, which can be used to c ...

{{Short description|Electron microscopy technique}} ...ref name=":0">Williams, D. B., Carter, C. B., (2009) Transmission Electron Microscopy. Springer.</ref> ...

...), [[scanning electron microscope]]s ("MountainsSEM") and [[Scanning probe microscopy|scanning probe microscopes]] ("MountainsSPIP"). ...nology ''Digital Surf technology on Olympus Microscopes'' in ''Imaging and Microscopy'']</ref><ref>[http://www.engineeringtalk.com/news/diu/diu100.html ''Surface ...

{{Short description|Convergent beam electron diffraction technique}} ...tron diffraction]] technique where a convergent or divergent beam (conical electron beam) of electrons is used to study materials. ...

...lative non-degenerate two-photon absorption cross-section for fluorescence microscopy| journal=Optics Express| volume=27|issue=6|pages=8335–8347 |year=2019|last1 ...022|title= Efficient non-degenerate two-photon excitation for fluorescence microscopy| journal=Optics Express| volume=27|issue=20|pages= 28022–28035|year= 2019|l ...

...croscopy]] (KPFM) and [[Electrostatic force microscope|Electrostatic Force Microscopy]] (EFM). ...tron Charging in an Individual InAs Quantum Dot by Noncontact Atomic-Force Microscopy|journal=Physical Review Letters|language=en|volume=94|issue=5|pages=056802| ...

...ext.svg|alt=|thumb|upright=1.5|Phase (color) and amplitude (brightness) of electron wavefunctions with several values of the orbital [[angular momentum]] [[qua [[Electron]]s in free space can carry [[angular momentum quantization|quantized]] orbi ...

Polymeric coatings are another area of applied grafting techniques. In the formulation of water-borne paint, [[latex]] particles are often sur ...ly followed film extrusions, but the development of careful transportation techniques allows treatment at an optimized location. Conversely, in-line corona treat ...

...ng organism. Images can be produced from a variety of methods including: [[microscopy]], imaging probes, and [[spectroscopy]]. ...substrate to produce light. Fluorescence is the physical excitation of an electron, and subsequent return to emit light. ...

{{About|direct methods in electron diffraction|X-ray diffraction direct methods|Direct methods (crystallograph In [[crystallography]], '''direct methods''' is a set of techniques used for structure determination using [[diffraction]] data and ''a priori' ...

...iffraction]], and [[Transmission electron microscopy|transmission electron microscopy (TEM)]], and other computer simulation methods such as [[Molecular dynamics [[Multiscale modeling]] techniques have also been developed to deal with overlapping time scales. ...

[[File:Multislice_to_Microscopy.png|thumb|Multislice to Microscopy]] ...ages.<ref name="Kirkland">{{cite book|title=Advanced Computing in Electron Microscopy|author = Dr. Earl J. Kirkland}}</ref> This article describes some relevant ...

...first2=P. S.|date=1968-01-23|title=Reciprocity in electron diffraction and microscopy|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section A|language=en|volume=24|issue=1|page ...1107/S0365110X55000832|issn=0365-110X|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Dark-field microscopy|dark-field images]],<ref name=":0" /> and others. ...

==Experimental techniques== ...ci. 206 (1998) 302-313.</ref> On the other hand, the resolution of optical microscopy requires that the particle size investigated exceeds at least 100&nbsp;nm. ...

...is a form of [[scanning probe microscopy]] heavily based on [[atomic force microscopy]] (AFM) that maps the [[temperature]] distribution along a surface. Resolut ...e=Nanoscale Temperature Distributions Measured by Scanning Joule Expansion Microscopy | journal=Journal of Heat Transfer | publisher=ASME International | volume= ...