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{{Further|topic=Economic depreciation|Fixed capital#Economic depreciation}} In [[economics]], '''depreciation''' is the gradual decrease in the economic [[value theory|value]] of the [[capital stock]] of a firm, nation or other ...

{{Short description|Method for estimating the parameters of economic models}} ...ference''' is a simulation-based method for estimating the parameters of [[economic model]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/palgrave7.pdf|t ...

...of Moral Hazard and Unobservable Behaviour: Part I |journal=The Review of Economic Studies |date=1999 |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=3–21 |url=https://www.jstor.o ...|title=Incentives and Risk Sharing in Sharecropping |journal=The Review of Economic Studies |date=1974 |volume=41 |issue=2 |pages=219–255 |doi=10.2307/2296714} ...

...ution to model income sizes. (''The Theory of Econometrics and Analysis of Economic Time Series''). It is a generalization of the [[Planck's law]] of radiation ...(1941). [http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cm/m06/index.htm ''The Analysis of Economic Time Series'']. The Principia Press, Bloomington, Indiana [http://cowles.ec ...

...rkets in which frictions prevent instantaneous adjustments of the level of economic activity. Among other applications, it has been used as a framework for stu ...of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 'The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2010']</ref> ...

...r the true [[cost of capital]]. The approach is largely analogous to the [[economic value added|EVA]]/[[Market value added|MVA]] based approach, with similar l ...its income statement, it may actually be economically unprofitable; see [[Economic profit]]. It is thus possible that a value deemed positive using a traditio ...

...guarantees the existence of a non-negative output vector that solves the [[Economic equilibrium|equilibrium]] relation in the [[input–output model]] where [[Su ...do">{{cite book |first=Hukukane |last=Nikaido |title=Convex Structures and Economic Theory |publisher=Academic Press |year=1968 |pages=90–92 |isbn=978-1-4832-6 ...

...s in the Analysis of Regressions with Generated Regressors”, International Economic Review, 25 (1), 221-247.</ref> This '''generated regressor''' method is als ...nanticipated Money Growth and Unemployment in the United States," American Economic Review, 67, 101-115.</ref> ...

..."auto">(Bosworth and Triplett, 2001) What's New About the New Economy? IT, Economic Growth and Productivity [https://econpapers.repec.org/article/slsipmsls/v_3 ...how that there is a huge dispersion in ICT deflators in [[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] (OECD) and European countries, accordingly. ...

...Hsiang-Ke|title=A Structure of the Consumption Function|journal=Journal of Economic Methodology|volume=14|number=2|year=2007|pages=227–248 |doi=10.1080/1350178 ...approach to consumption creates implications for forecasting and analyzing economic policies. “If consumers obey the permanent-income hypothesis and have ratio ...

...mean absolute scaled error has favorable properties when compared to other methods for calculating [[forecast error]]s, such as [[Root-mean-square error|root- ...|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w18391.pdf|journal=Journal of Business and Economic Statistics|volume=33|issue=1|pages=1|doi=10.1080/07350015.2014.983236}}</re ...

...h of [[econometrics]] which applies [[Bayesianism|Bayesian]] principles to economic modelling. Bayesianism is based on a degree-of-belief [[probability interp ...itris |last2=Korobilis |year=2010 |title=Bayesian Multivariate Time Series Methods for Empirical Macroeconomics |journal=Foundations and Trends in Econometric ...

...| p=4282}} '''Structural models''' use mathematical equations derived from economic models and thus the statistical analysis can estimate also ''unobservable'' ...mmission Contributions to Econometrics at Chicago: 1939–1955” ''Journal of Economic Literature''. Vol. 32.</ref> ...

...=Andreas |last2=Nannicini |first2=Tommaso |date=July 2013 |title=Assessing Economic Liberalization Episodes: A Synthetic Control Approach |journal=Review of Ec ...the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania |journal=[[American Economic Review]] |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=772–793 |jstor=2118030 }}</ref> and stu ...

...like approaches that deliver point-identification of the model parameters, methods from the literature on partial identification are used to obtain set estima ...{harvtxt|Frisch|1934}} and {{harvtxt|Marschak|Andrews|1944}}. However, the methods were significantly developed and promoted by [[Charles Manski]], beginning ...

...url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531%2888%2990007-5|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|language=en|volume=44|issue=2|pages=321–335|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(88 ...url=https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531%2885%2990082-1|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|language=en|volume=36|issue=1|pages=120–148|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(85 ...

...to pay and a seller's willingness to accept; the net difference is the ''[[economic surplus]]''. ...ral methods exist to measure consumer willingness to accept payment. These methods can be differentiated by whether they measure consumers' hypothetical or ac ...

...l]] economist [[Robert Lucas, Jr.|Robert Lucas]]. The model states that [[economic output]] is a function of money or price "surprise". The model accounts fo ...hor1=Robert E. Lucas, Jr.|author2= Leonard A. Rapping|journal=The American Economic Review|volume=59|number= 3|date=June 1969|pages= 342–350}}</ref> In this e ...

...name="RMEG">{{cite web |last1=Blinov |first1=Sergey |title=Real Money and Economic Growth |url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/67461/1/MPRA_paper_67461.pdf |p ...is is one of the most important characteristics of the level and course of economic development.<ref name="MDE">{{cite web |last1=Chandavarkar |first1=Anand G. ...

between the [[economic]], [[demographic]] and [[human impact on the environment|anthropogenic]] se In total, there are only four continuous state variables, one each for the economic and demographic sectors and two for the anthropogenic sector; thus making W ...