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...leads to introgression.jpg|thumb|The process of backcrossing with parental species]] ...<math>F_1</math> generation hybrid breeds with one or both of its parental species. ...

...binary tree, representing the similarities and evolutionary history among species of [[Actinomycetota|actinobacteria]].]] ...t node, replacing the path between its two children by a single undirected edge, and suppressing the orientation of the remaining edges in the graph. For t ...

* '''Directed Edge''' - The link from the parent to the child. * '''Parent Node''' - Any node connected by a directed edge to its child or children. ...

...al spaces and measurable spaces. They differ in the so-called axiom of the species. This axiom is the conjunction of all required properties, such as "multipl ...structures consists of an echelon construction scheme and an axiom of the species. ...

...|title=Gallobeudantite, PbGa 3 [(AsO 4 ),(SO 4 )] 2 (OH) 6 , a new mineral species from Tsumeb, Namibia, and associated new gallium analogues of the alunite-j ...obeudantite as having occurred as zoned rhombohedra, up to 200 μm along an edge, in [[Vug|vugs]] in a single specimen of massive Cu-bearing sulfides from T ...

...mple by just tuning the X-ray photon energy to the absorption edge of that species. [[Joachim Stöhr]] played a major role in the initial development of this t ...the energy range of interest. Thus, with a proper choice of the absorption edge and characteristic Auger transition, measurement of the variation of the in ...

...er is the smallest number of [[clique (graph theory)|cliques]] needed to [[Edge cover|cover]] all of the edges of <math>G</math>.{{r|gy06|r85}} ...ph basis problem''',{{r|gj79}} '''covering by cliques''',{{r|gj79}} the '''edge clique cover problem''',{{r|rs07}} and the '''keyword conflict problem'''.{ ...

Each edge has a ''trophic difference'' associated, defined as <math>x_{ij}=s_i-s_j</m ...immediately before word 2 in at least one sentence in the text, a directed edge (arrow) is placed from word 1 to word 2. The height of each word is proport ...

...ows us to align a path of length <math>p</math> in one network to a single edge in another network, which is analogous to allowing "insertions" or "deletio ...-to-all network similarity matrix between metabolic networks of a group of species and then build their phylogenetic tree.<ref name="Kuchaiev2010" /> All of t ...

...smas are plasmas consisting of a single charge species. Examples of single species non-neutral plasmas that have been created in laboratory experiments are [h ...fusion|"ambipolar field"]]) builds up, acting to hold back the more mobile species until the loss rates are the same. The electrostatic potential (as measured ...

...ular, it probes the excited-state [[density of states]] (DOS) of an atomic species in a sample.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schülke|first=W|title=Electron dynamics s ...are rapidly growing in importance. They can be used to study [[XANES|near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure]] (NEXAFS or XANES) as well as [[extended X ...

...their registry. The other parameter commonly measured, in addition to the species and location information, is wood volume. A general outline of tree measure .../reszusn8/id27.html Plant Champions – The Web Site. [6a] The Thirteen Tree Species with the Broadest Crowns (Single Trunked).] Accessed March 8, 2013.</ref> A ...

...gles of a planigon are whole divisors of 360°. Tilings are made by edge-to-edge connections by perpendicular bisectors of the edges of the original uniform ...r polygons, and edges connecting centers of regular polygons that share an edge. The [[Prototile|tiles]] of the Laves tilings are called '''planigons'''. T ...

...ire APD, atoms sit on the sites typically occupied by atoms of a different species. For example, in an ordered AB alloy, if an A atom occupies the site usuall ...reased strength under shear stress. Figure 3 below shows the process of an edge dislocation propagating through an ordered particle. As the dislocation mov ...

...ogy (biology)|morphology]] is often highly specialized to the needs of the species. ...nd habits of a bat."<ref name="Darwin">Darwin, C. (1968). On the origin of species by means of natural selection. 1859. London: Murray Google Scholar.</ref> I ...

...+2 decay chain is purified it will immediately begin to produce descendant species. The time since a sample was last purified can be calculated from the ratio ...ental samples, non-equivalent metal/ion transport for parents and daughter species may complicate or invalidate the use of chronometric measurements. Special ...

...mode (ELM)]] which effectively limits the pressure gradient at the plasma edge and the fishbone instability which effectively limits the density and press ...ER]]. In hot tokamaks, under some circumstances, minority [[hot particle]] species can stabilize the sawtooth instability. <math>q_{0}</math> drops well below ...

* <math>A_{ij}</math> represents the edge weight between nodes {{mvar|i}} and {{mvar|j}}; see [[Adjacency matrix]]; * {{mvar|m}} is the sum of all of the edge weights in the graph; ...

...ea expansion modulus K_a, a bending modulus K_b and an edge energy <math>\Lambda</math>. For fluid bilayers the [[shear modulus]] is by == Edge energy == ...

...ions generated and the adsorbed pollutants resulting in the formation of a species with a lower adsorptive affinity for activated carbon that subsequently des ...re typically a further 2% per cycle.<ref name = narbaitz/> Current leading edge research focuses on developing adsorbents able to regenerate 100% of their ...