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== Crystal classes == {{Crystal systems}} ...

...n]] causes [[energy band]]s to split. It is usually present in [[crystal]] systems lacking [[inversion symmetry]]. The effect is named after [[Gene Dresselhau ...h the spin aligned to the orbital field and one anti-aligned. In a solid [[crystal]]line material, the motion of the conduction electrons in the lattice can b ...

...hich basis vectors used to describe the space are the lattice vectors of a crystal (periodic) pattern. The selection of an origin and a basis define a unit ce :[[File:Crystal Coordinates.png|thumb|A unit cell in 3-dimensions (shown in dashed lines) d ...

...|first3=Gabriele|last3=Bocelli|first4=Amos|last4=Musattib|title=Synthesis, crystal structure and solubility of C₆H₁₄N₄O<sub>2 ...4=Martin Britto|last4=Dhas|first5=Shanmuganarayanan|last5=Athimoolam|title=Crystal growth and structure of L-methionine L-methioninium hydrogen maleate—a new ...

...f instruments used in high and [[ultra-high vacuum|ultra-high]] [[vacuum]] systems. They can measure the thickness of a [[thin film]], not only after it has Most such instruments use a [[quartz crystal microbalance]] as the sensor. Optical measurements are sometimes used; thi ...

...ysical adaptability that liquids provided to these newly emerging photonic systems. The field of optofluidics formally began to emerge in the mid-2000s as th ...e many potential applications of integrating optical components into these systems, the range of applications for optofluidic technology is vast. ...

...vectors) coalesce. These points appear in [[Dissipative system|dissipative systems]], which make the [[Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics)|Hamiltonian]] describin ...-12-21 |title=Direct observation of exceptional points in coupled photonic-crystal lasers with asymmetric optical gains |journal=Nature Communications |langua ...

...led resonators. In optics, such systems include laser cavities, [[photonic crystal]] slabs, [[metamaterials]], and [[Optical ring resonators|ring resonators]] ...de theory has been used to account for the [[Fano resonance]]s in photonic crystal slabs<ref name=Fan1>S. Fan, W. Suh, J. Joannopoulos, "Temporal coupled-mode ...

...st2=Calderwood |first2=F. W. |date=June 1986 |title=The arsenic-rare earth systems |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02869005 |journal=Bulletin of Alloy At a pressure of 27 GPa, a [[phase transition]] to the [[tetragonal crystal system]] occurs.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Shirotani |first1=Ichimin |last2 ...

...location''' is a decomposed form of [[dislocation]] that occurs within a [[crystal]]line material. An ''extended dislocation'' is a dislocation that has disso In FCC systems, an example of Shockley decomposition is: ...

...journal|last=Ofelt|first=G. S.|journal=J. Chem. Phys.|title=Intensities of Crystal Spectra of Rare-Earth Ions|issue=3|doi=10.1063/1.1701366|volume=37|page=511 ...2, 4, 6</math>). These parameters account for the asymmetric nature of the crystal field and enable the calculation of transition probabilities, oscillator st ...

...at is between the solid and the isotropic liquid phases in two dimensional systems of particles. It is characterized by two order parameters: a short-range po ..._space|vector]] <math>\vec{R}</math> points to a lattice site within the [[crystal]], where the atom is allowed to fluctuate with an amplitude <math> \vec{u}( ...

...ем |page=448 |language=russian |trans-title=State diagrams of binary metal systems |series=Mechanical Engineering |year=2001 |volume=3, book 3 |location=Mosco ...irst=Heiko |date=1991 |title=Thermodynamics of the uranium-platinum metals systems |url=http://publications.iupac.org/pac/63/10/1401/index.html |magazine=Pure ...

===Crystal structure=== ..., <small>D</small>-''chiro'', ''allo''-, ''scyllo''-, and ''epi''-inositol systems via conduritols prepared from ''p''-benzoquinone". ''European Journal of Or ...

...e-signed [[dislocation]]s needed to accommodate for plastic bending in a [[Crystal|crystalline material]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Imperfections in cr ...mulated in strain gradient fields caused by geometrical constraints of the crystal lattice. In this case, the plastic deformation is accompanied by internal p ...

| caption = e.coli isca crystal structure to 2.3 a In addition to those three systems, the so-called Cystosolic Iron–sulfur Assembly (CIA) is invoked for cytosol ...

...ection of travel (the orientation of the wavevector) with respect to the [[crystal structure]]. In such a case, although the light cannot resolve the individu ...on relation|dispersion]]. Temporal dispersion represents memory effects in systems, commonly seen in optics and electronics. Spatial dispersion on the other h ...

...ntations by [[electronic oscillator]]s such as [[Crystal oscillator|quartz crystal oscillator]]s, [[dielectric resonator]]s, sapphire resonators or air-dielec * navigation systems, ...

...ound in systems exhibiting [[residual entropy]] due to disorder within the crystal. ...

Optical systems are often sensitive to the polarization of light reaching them (for example ...r [[Marie Alfred Cornu]]. It consists of a pair of 45° prisms of [[quartz crystal]], [[Optical contact bonding|optically contacted]] to form a cuboid. The [ ...