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...ort description|Astronomical observatory for studying the cosmic microwave background (2008–2010)}} ...onomy]] [[experiment]] to study the polarization of the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]].<ref name="quiet_homepage" /> QUIET stands for '''Q/U Imaging E ...

...ven the amount of departure from the homogeneity of the [[cosmic microwave background]] (CMB). ...ratio of gravitational waves to inhomogeneities of the [[Cosmic microwave background|CMB]] is correlated to the inflationary potential steepness. ...

'''GroundBIRD''' is an experiment to observe the [[cosmic microwave background]] at 145 and 220GHz. It aims to observe the B-mode polarisation signal from ...ound (CMB),<ref name="provincia2016" /> in order to look for evidence of [[cosmic inflation]] in the [[early universe]]. It aims to observe the reionization ...

...fference in the temperature of neutral hydrogen and the [[cosmic microwave background]] at the end of the [[Timeline of the Big Bang#Dark Ages|Dark Ages]] and th ==Background== ...

...rmation of the [[universe]]'s first [[star]]s and the epoch succeeding the cosmic [[Chronology of the universe#Dark Ages|Dark Ages]].<ref>{{cite news |title= ==Background== ...

{{Short description|Series of cosmic microwave background experiments at the South Pole}} ...e CMB; in particular, measuring the [[B-modes|''B''-mode]] of the CMB. The experiments have had five generations of instrumentation, consisting of '''BICEP1''' (o ...

...ghest energy neutrinos are produced from interactions of utlra-high-energy cosmic rays, the observed rate of production of the latter places a limit on the f == Cosmic rays == ...

{{short description|Fluctuations in the energy spectrum of the microwave background}} ...antamagazine.org/the-case-for-spectral-distortions-in-the-cosmic-microwave-background-20150630/ |magazine= Quanta|publisher= Simons Foundation |access-date=7 Jul ...

...].<ref name="MIT" /> EoR stands for [[epoch of reionization]], a time in [[cosmic history]] when neutral atomic hydrogen gas became ionised due to ultraviole ...Approximations of Scattering Effects on Beam Chromaticity in 21‐cm Global Experiments |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022RS007558 |journal=Radi ...

...e=2018tasi.confE..10H |s2cid=119494364 |doi-access=free }}</ref> There are experiments aiming to produce dark matter particles using [[particle accelerator|collid ...defined as the given signal, <math>N_{bkg}</math> as the [[muon neutrino]] background, and <math>\delta</math> as the Gaussian significance.<ref name=":4" /> For ...

...n be defined only by reference to [[absolute space]]. Alternatively, these experiments provide an [[operational definition]] of what is meant by "[[absolute rotat ==Background== ...

...ecial relativity''' give a mathematical framework for analyzing results of experiments to verify [[special relativity]]. ...ion by choosing a "preferred" reference frame (like the [[cosmic microwave background radiation|CMB]]) and using the clocks of this frame to synchronize the cloc ...

...en-1984">{{Cite journal |last=Witten |first=Edward |date=1984-07-15 |title=Cosmic separation of phases |url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.30.272 ...first moments after the Big Bang, when the universe was [[cosmic microwave background|opaque to light]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kibble |first1=T. W. B. |title ...

...no decoupling#Indirect evidence from phase changes to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)]] theorises that the decoupled neutrinos should have had a very sligh == Cosmic Background Radiation Polarization == ...

...M. |last2=Wesson |first2=P. S. |date=November 2004 |title=Dark Matter and Background Light |journal=Physics Reports |volume=402 |issue=5–6 |pages=267–406 |arxiv ...0.1103/PhysRevD.103.084001 |s2cid=226254110}}</ref> the [[cosmic microwave background]] anisotropies, the size of faint dwarf galaxies, and the absence of correl ...

...ionality to the otherwise isotropic spacetime. Photons interact with these background fields and experience frame-dependent effects, violating Lorentz invariance == Experiments == ...

...f the foreground mass can be detected, by way of a systematic alignment of background sources around the lensing mass. '''Weak gravitational lensing''' is thus ...sing Jacobian|convergence and shear]]. The convergence term magnifies the background objects by increasing their size, and the shear term stretches them tangent ...

...ation]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huterer |first1=Dragan |title=Growth of cosmic structure |journal=The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review |date=December 202 ...negative pressure field, similar in concept to dark energy, could drive [[cosmic inflation]] in the very early universe. Inflation postulates that some repu ...

...ter 1950, when advances in electronics enabled reliable measurement of the microwave frequencies it generates. As further advances occurred, [[Atomic clock#Rese ...eriments, thus providing a constant flow of water for the durations of the experiments, and embodying what Newton called ''duration''. ...

...iolations through [[spontaneous symmetry breaking]] caused by hypothetical background fields, resulting in some sort of [[preferred frame]] effects. This could l ...d have been refuted or lack further confirmations. For discussions of many experiments, see Mattingly (2005).<ref name=mattingly>{{Cite journal| author=Mattingly, ...