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{{short description|System used in chess to estimate the strength of a player}} ...[[online chess]] sites such as [[Chess.com]], [[Lichess]], and [[Internet Chess Club]] also implement rating systems. In almost all systems, a higher numbe ...

...leman |first=J. |year=1958 |title=Relational Analysis: The Study of Social Organizations with Survey Methods |journal=[[Human Organization]] |volume=17 |issue=4 |pa ...dren and mothers, or dwellings and main tenants, or CEOs and companies, or chess instructors and their most talended students) characterized either by a dic ...

...=Rainer |last2=Ziegler |first2=Günter M. |date=2022-10-31 |title=Landau on Chess Tournaments and Google's PageRank |class=math.HO |eprint=2210.17300 }}</ref ...ref><ref>{{cite CiteSeerX |title=Autopoietic Information Systems in Modern Organizations |citeseerx = 10.1.1.148.9274}}</ref> was used for leadership selection in a ...

...gust 2024}} It is also widely used throughout the world by various private organizations and competitions. ...e of a sporting fixture. This scoring system was adopted for international chess around the middle of the nineteenth century and by the [[English Football L ...

...url=https://www.britannica.com/sports/fencing|title=fencing {{!}} History, Organizations, & Equipment|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=2019-1 ...century and described for the first time in a Chess theory book of 1594 by Chess Master [[Giulio Cesare Polerio]]. ...