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...u|first3=Doros N.|date=2012-04-16}}</ref> Therefore it measures the excess chemical potential since <math>\mu_\text{excess}=\frac{\Delta F_\text{excess}}{\Delt ==Relation to other thermodynamic quantities== ...

...ss properties are the excess [[volume]], excess [[enthalpy]], and [[excess chemical potential]]. The [[excess volume]] ({{mvar|V{{sup|E}}}}), [[internal energy ...partial molar quantities in the ideal solution are identical to the molar quantities in the pure components; that is, ...

{{Short description|Chemical term for density of a component in a mixture}} For a pure chemical the mass concentration equals its [[density]] (mass divided by volume); thu ...

...lso applied to solutes. Its definition depends on the ways of expressing [[chemical composition]] of mixtures. ...[[chemical potential]] of the pure solvent and <math>\mu_A</math> is the [[chemical potential]] of the solvent in a solution, ''M''_A is its [[molar ...

...dots)</math> is a [[homogeneous function]] of degree 1, since doubling the quantities of each component in the mixture will double <math>Z</math>. More generally Partial molar properties are useful because chemical [[mixture]]s are often maintained at constant temperature and pressure and ...

{{short description|Measure of how strongly a chemical species absorbs a given wavelength of light}} ...per [[Mole (unit)|mole]] ({{nowrap|m²/mol}}), but in practice, quantities are usually expressed in terms of [[Molar concentration#Units|<span title=" ...

|journal=[[Journal of Chemical Physics]] ...rd-core size, interaction energy and range) into a combination of only two quantities: an effective hard core diameter and the reduced second virial coefficient. ...

...there are numerous quantities associated with [[chemical compounds]] and [[Chemical reaction|reactions]]; notably in terms of ''amounts'' of substance, ''activ [[Theoretical chemistry]] requires [[physical quantity|quantities]] from core [[physics]], such as [[time]], [[volume]], [[temperature]], and ...

'''Europium(II) fluoride''' is an [[inorganic compound]] with a chemical formula EuF₂. It was first synthesized in 1937.<ref name=Zhao>Zh ...luoride in toothpaste using an ion-selective electrode |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=April 1975 |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=247–250 |doi=10.1021/ ...

...umes of both (liquid) components of the same solution.<ref>Rock, Peter A., Chemical Thermodynamics, MacMillan 1969, p.227-230 for water-ethanol mixtures.</ref> ...ass instead of number of moles. This expression produces apparent specific quantities, like the apparent specific volume. ...

...ref>{{cite journal|last=Onsager|first=Lars|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|date=1 August 1936|volume=58|issue=8|pages=1486–1493|doi=10.1021/ja ...r dynamics. Application to liquid water|journal=Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society|date=1 January 1978|volume=66|pages=58|doi=10.1039/DC9786600058}}</ ...

...ails. Using [[statistical mechanics]], the KB theory derives thermodynamic quantities from [[pair correlation function]]s between all molecules in a multi-compon == Derivation of thermodynamic quantities == ...

...β'', respectively) are two related parameters used in description of the [[chemical kinetics|kinetics]] of [[electrochemical reaction]]s. They appear in the [[ ...l Science, 1993. [https://www.scribd.com/doc/44380146/Iupac-The-Green-Book-Quantities-Units-and-Symbols-in-Physical-Chemistry (on line)]</ref> ...

...6-9999}}</ref> The heat flux for a spherical nose is computed according to quantities at the wall and the edge of an equilibrium [[boundary layer]].{{Equation bo ...m]], meaning the energy modes (translational, rotational, vibrational) and chemical reactions reach a steady state. ...

...provides an introduction to fundamental water-related topics in form of a "chemical pocket calculator". * Calculates physico-chemical parameters: [[alkalinity]], buffer capacities ([[Acid neutralizing capacity ...

[[Image:Chemical surface diffusion slow.gif|thumb|288px|right|[[Atomic diffusion]] on the su ...m]]. Thermal fluctuations play a major role in [[phase transitions]] and [[chemical kinetics]]. ...

...deed, <math>\tau</math> is able to show the relationship between these two quantities and can lead to a greater understanding of the [[stellar structure|structur ...ed from other equations if a fair amount of information is known about the chemical makeup of the star. From the definition, it is also clear that large optica ...

...h>V</math> and the temperature <math>T</math>. This means that these three quantities are fixed and do not fluctuate. The temperature of the system is connected ...ontrolling temperature using all degrees of freedom|journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=140|issue=6|pages=064106|doi=10.1063/1.4864204|pmid=24527899 ...

{{Short description|Chemical reaction which transfers an alkyl group between molecules}} In [[organic chemistry]], '''transalkylation''' is a [[chemical reaction]] involving the transfer of an [[alkyl group]] from one [[organic ...

==Quantities involved and validity== When one considers two planar walls, the corresponding quantities are expressed per unit area. The [[disjoining pressure]] is the force per u ...