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...umber of [[minority carriers]] generated is small compared to the majority carriers of the material. The semiconductor's majority-carrier concentration will re ...h>n</math> is the number of electrons, <math>\Delta n</math> is the excess carriers injected into the semiconductor, and <math>n_0</math> is the equilibrium co ...

{{Short description|Movement of charge carriers due to the applied electric field}} ...a semiconductor material, a current is produced due to the flow of charge carriers. ...

...tion region]] volume is <math>w A</math>, <math>e</math> is the elementary charge, <math>N_d</math> is the density of dopants, <math>V</math> is the applied ...th>, and the total charge of the depletion region, compensated by opposite charge nearby in the electrolyte, is ...

...ver, the dynamics of the [[Charge carrier|carriers]] are affected by other carriers and not only by the periodic lattice potential. Moreover, the thermal fluct ...hus, summing over all possible states (l and k) yields the total number of carriers ''N''. ...

* ''N'' is the number density of oscillating charge carriers ([[electron]]s); * ''q'' is the [[fundamental charge]]; ...

...[magnetic field]]. Pedersen currents emerge in a material where the charge carriers collide with particles in the conductive material at approximately the same ...ge carriers and the conductive medium, mobility is very low and the charge carriers are basically stationary.<ref name=Coxon>{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |last=Co ...

...r of or smaller than the phase coherence length of [[charge carrier|charge carriers]] ([[Electron|electrons]] and [[Electron hole|holes]]). In metals, the phas ...ng contact 1 with a potential <math> V_1</math> from which we subtract the carriers from contacts 2 and 3 with potentials <math> V_2 </math> and <math> V_3 </m ...

...y the light pulse, and the photoconductivity of the sample declines as the carriers recombine. ...4 |s2cid=122016077 }}</ref> A higher effective lifetime of minority charge carriers indicate that they can remain mobile in the wafer for a long time period be ...

...rovide [[electrical conduction|conduction]]. For cases where the number of carriers are much less than the number of band states, the carrier concentrations ca ...

...conductor. The drift current, by contrast, is due to the motion of charge carriers due to the force exerted on them by an electric field. Diffusion current c The diffusion coefficient for a charge carrier is related to its mobility by the [[Einstein relation (kinetic theo ...

...raphite. The nanotubes behave consequently as [[quantum wire]]s and charge carriers are transmitted through discrete conduction channels. This conduction mecha CNT FETs exhibit four regimes of charge transport: ...

...|bibcode=2001PhRvB..63l5204B }}</ref> by directly probing the accumulation charge at the burning interface of [[semiconductor]] and [[dielectric]] layer<ref> [[File:CMS_setup.png|alt=|thumb|423x423px|Block diagram of charge modulation spectroscopy setup. Here the photo diode measures the transmissi ...

...tive acceptor charge on the ''p''-side exactly balances the positive donor charge on the ''n''-side, so there is no electric field outside the depletion regi ...Band-bending diagram]] for ''p–n'' diode in forward bias. Diffusion drives carriers across the junction.]] ...

* <math>e</math> is the elementary charge. * The effective mass of charge carriers. ...

...arrier]]s around an interface of a [[semiconductor]] is dissimilar, charge carriers are transferred between the two materials until an equilibrium state is rea ...</math>. When the metal and semiconductor are brought in contact, [[charge carriers]] (i.e. free [[electron]]s and holes) will transfer between the two materia ...

...n]]s and [[Electron hole|holes]] in a semiconductor, allowing these charge carriers to move under a [[microwave]] field, and detecting the resulting changes in ...al|last1=Kunst|first1=M.|last2=Beck|first2=G.|date=1986|title=The study of charge carrier kinetics in semiconductors by microwave conductivity measurements|j ...

...] but the quasiparticles carry fractions of the electron [[Electric charge|charge]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Fractional charge carriers discovered ...

==Photogeneration of charge carriers== ...f now has one fewer electron. This is known as a hole, and it has positive charge. The presence of a missing covalent bond allows the bonded electrons of nei ...

...chemical bonds"''. Fontijn explicitly specified that the number of charge carriers increases, but Berry's definition includes the [[Penning ionization]].<ref> *[[Charge-exchange ionization]] ...

...stor's area of electron conduction which typically causes [[charge carrier|carriers]] to slow down by a factor of 3000. The result is an increase in logic spe ...alters the potential barrier between the layers and enables (or disables) charge flow.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-09-07|title=A Beginner's Guide to the MOSFET ...