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...s)|production]] when the [[revenue]] received from the sale of the [[goods and services|goods or services]] produced cannot even cover the [[variable cost ...or, or the cost of fixed inputs may be partially recoverable, through sale and salvage. If all fixed costs are recoverable, then the firm should shut down ...

...[theorem]] concerns agents who share a common [[Prior probability|prior]] and update their probabilistic beliefs by [[Bayes' rule]]. It states that if th Fix an event <math>E</math> and let <math>X</math> be the event that for each <math>a</math>, <math>p_a(E)= ...

...[[production function]] and depends on the amounts of [[physical capital]] and labor already in use. ...tial L}.</math><ref name="Perloff173">Perloff, J., ''Microeconomics Theory and Applications with Calculus'', Pearson 2008. p. 173.</ref> ...

...comparing to its historical levels one can see whether IVX is high or low and thus whether options are more expensive or cheaper. IVX values can be compa ...volatility over a future period. It is derived from current option prices and it is available for any optionable security<br /> ...

...arch 19, 2011 in Hanover, [[New Hampshire]]) was an American mathematician and educator. ...Lucille taught the three sons (Jud, John and Laurie) to play piano, cello, and violin. The family had a life-lease on a cabin in [[Isle Royale National Pa ...

...portation costs per unit distance are the same for all destination points, and the problem of computing the [[Fermat point]], the geometric median of thre == Definition and history of the Fermat, Weber, and attraction-repulsion problems == ...

{{Short description|Concept in gambling, insurance, and finance}} ...ruin'' accumulates with the number of bets: each play increases the risk, and persistent play ultimately yields the [[stochastic]] certainty of [[gambler ...

...inkflation. }}</ref> The word is a [[portmanteau]] of the words ''shrink'' and ''inflation''. '''Skimpflation''' involves a reformulation or other reduct ...modities, including potato chips, paper towels, cereal, cleaning supplies, and candy. Manufacturers change sizes because market research indicates that co ...

...PoolsSP15.pdf|archive-date=2017-08-09}}, In the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (Oakland), 2015.</ref> * '''November 2010: ''' Slush launched in 2010 and is the first mining pool. ...

...ems." (2015), NASA, [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160007433]</ref> and computer science.<ref name="Jones, K. H. 2014"/><ref name="Ramirez, C. A. 2 ...m empirical [[data mining]] or some historical narrative. It is [[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]].|author=Taleb, N. N.|source=Philosophy: 'Antifragil ...

...s used in [[environmental accounting]] as a tool which reflects production and consumption structures within one or several economies. As such, it is beco ...ocate domestic extraction to exported goods, information on the production and trade structure of an economy is required. In monetary terms, information o ...

...risis]] and builds upon the standards of [[Basel II]], introduced in 2004, and [[Basel I]], introduced in 1988. ...rral of Basel III implementation to increase operational capacity of banks and supervisors to respond to Covid-19 | url=https://www.bis.org/press/p200327. ...

{{Economics sidebar}} ...ersity of Cambridge]] in England and economists such as [[Paul Samuelson]] and [[Robert Solow]] at the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]], in Cambr ...

...t3=Achten |first3=Wouter M. J. |date=2020-03-10 |title=Input-output models and waste management analysis: A critical review |url=https://www.sciencedirect ...e during treatment into secondary waste and residues, as well as recycling and final disposal processes.<ref name ="nk02" /> ...

...along with oxygen concentration and the presence or absence of pollutants and algal blooms.<ref name=”EPA”>{{cite web | title=Indicators: Water Clarity | ...s, including rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, coastal lagoons, and the open ocean. ...

{{Short description|Centralized investment and economic input decision-making model under Leninist states}} {{Missing information|similarities and differences of Soviet-style planning in Eastern Bloc countries outside the ...

...ame=waterfootprintorg>{{cite web|title=Waterfootprint.org: Water footprint and virtual water|url=https://www.waterfootprint.org/water-footprint-2/g/?page= ...s consumed in their country of origin. International trade of agricultural and industrial products in effect creates a global flow of [[virtual water]], o ...

...o a problem or issue. The physics term [[inertia]] emphasizes the rigidity and resistance to change in the method of cognitive processing that has been us ...nd suggests a more integrative approach that involves motivation, emotion, and developmental factors. ...

{{Economics sidebar}} ...Republished with revisions from 1986, "Theoretic Models: Mathematical Form and Economic Content", ''Econometrica'', 54(6), pp. [https://www.jstor.org/pss/ ...

...pdf |title=Effective altruism and the human mind: The Clash Between Impact and Intuition |last2=Caviola |first2=Lucius |date=2024 |publisher=Oxford Univer ...These barriers can include evolutionary influences as well as motivational and epistemic obstacles. ...