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...bremsstrahlung]]. It can also be applied in the context of [[gravitational radiation]], and more recently to other field theories by [[Carl Friedrich von Weizsä ==Background== ...

The '''radiation law''' is way of modeling human mobility ([[geographic mobility]], [[human ==The radiation model<ref name=simini/>== ...

...[Sunlight|solar radiation]] and partially absorbing of [[Infrared|infrared radiation]] from the planet. It provides an approximation for the temperature of the == Background == ...

...derived for an accelerating [[magnetic moment]] emitting [[electromagnetic radiation]]. ...ions must be met in order to derive the following formula for the magnetic radiation reaction force. First, the motion of the [[magnetic moment]] must be period ...

{{Short description|Dose measurement of radiation}} ...equivalent dose''' (FED) is an informal unit of measurement of [[ionizing radiation]] exposure. Expressed in units of flight-time (i.e., flight-seconds, flight ...

...ents can be far more chemically reactive than the original molecule, as in radiation therapy for cancer, and are thus a useful field of inquiry. Different '''mo ==Background== ...

| known_for = [[Transition radiation detector|Transition Radiation Detectors]] ...Later she started to work with [[Transition radiation detector|Transition Radiation Detector]] prototypes, which were rather new at this time and which require ...

...yield the new signal and background. The difference of the new signal and background data is taken to yield the net signal. Finally, the net signal is plotted v ...rget.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Half moon target – on the left the image of the background region and on the right an image of the signal region. Using specialized so ...

...fference in the temperature of neutral hydrogen and the [[cosmic microwave background]] at the end of the [[Timeline of the Big Bang#Dark Ages|Dark Ages]] and th ==Background== ...

...Economic Time Series''). It is a generalization of the [[Planck's law]] of radiation from [[statistical physics]]. ==Background== ...

...stronger K-alpha 1 peak, and the weaker K-alpha 2 peak. Compared to other radiation such as the [[Bremsstrahlung]], the K-alpha two peak is more difficult to f For diffraction experiments with X-rays radiation is usually used with the <math>K_\alpha</math> Wavelength of the anode mate ...

...t an accelerated charge should radiate [[electromagnetic waves]], yet such radiation is not observed for stationary particles in gravitational fields. ...Fulton|first1=Thomas|last2=Rohrlich|first2=Fritz|date=1960|title=Classical radiation from a uniformly accelerated charge|journal=Annals of Physics|volume=9|issu ...

...ort description|Astronomical observatory for studying the cosmic microwave background (2008–2010)}} ...xperiment]] to study the polarization of the [[cosmic microwave background radiation]].<ref name="quiet_homepage" /> QUIET stands for '''Q/U Imaging ExperimenT' ...

...pectrum. The [[photoemission]] experiment is conducted using [[synchrotron radiation]] light source with typical photon energy of 20 – 100 eV. [[Synchrotron]] l ===Background=== ...

..., around 377,000 years after the Big Bang. They form the [[cosmic neutrino background]] (abbreviated CνB or CNB). The neutrinos from this event have a very low e ...verse. At this point in cosmic history, the energy density is dominated by radiation, so that <math>\rho \propto T^4</math>. As the rate of weak interaction dep ...

...shielding, reducing [[Cosmic ray|cosmic radiation]] [[Background radiation|background]]. The GERDA experiment was operated from 2011 onwards at LNGS.<ref name="g ...o the expectation that further background reduction was in reach so that a background-free experiment with an even larger source strength, respectively exposure, ...

...an experiment to a specific particle interaction, reducing conflation with background interactions by creating more degrees of freedom by which the particle in q ...ed in coincidence, the harder it is to justify such an event occurred from background flux and the higher the experiment's efficiency. As an example, the [[Cowan ...

...edium]] in local [[thermodynamic equilibrium]] that both absorbs and emits radiation. ...ar|dI_λ}}, [W/sr/m²/μm]) at a given [[wavelength]] as radiation travels an incremental distance ({{mvar|ds}}) through a non-[[optical scatt ...

...a transfer function which mediates the transition from the universe being radiation dominated to being matter dominated. ...irst2=Naoshi | last3=Silk | first3=Joseph | title=The physics of microwave background anisotropies | journal=Nature | publisher=Springer Science and Business Med ...

...volving from a Nonsingular Initially De-Sitter Cosmology and the Microwave Background Anisotropy |journal=Sov. Astron. Lett. |volume=9 |pages=302 |year=1983 |las ...these are compatible with experimental data, with 2018 [[cosmic microwave background|CMB]] data from the [[Planck (spacecraft)|Planck satellite]] giving a const ...