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==Aniline and related aryl derivatives== ...th Ed. Morrison & Boyd.</ref> For the arylation of amines with unactivated aryl halides, the [[Buchwald-Hartwig reaction]] is useful. In this process, pal ...

...] family, specifically transferring alkyl or aryl groups other than methyl groups.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.enzyme-database.org/ |title=The Enzyme Lis {{Alkyl and aryl transferases}} ...

...the tri-''n''-alkylsilanes decreases in the series of ethyl, propyl, butyl groups. Trialkylsilanes with ''n''-alkyl residues react by a factor of 10 faster t * organosilanetriols, when three hydroxy groups and an organic residue are bound to a silicon atom, e. g. [[methylsilanetri ...

...|thumb|[[Quaternary ammonium cation]]. The Rs may be the same or different groups. (The Rs may also be connected, making a [[heterocyclic compound|cyclic]] i ...tituents, especially [[organic compound|organic]] ([[alkyl]] and [[aryl]]) groups, discounting [[hydrogen]] atoms.<ref>{{GoldBookRef|title=Onium compounds|fi ...

...reaction]] between an [[allyl halide|allyl]], [[vinyl halide|vinyl]] or [[aryl halide]] and an [[aldehyde]] to form an [[alcohol (chemistry)|alcohol]] upo ...nother paper extending the scope of the reaction to include [[aryl halides|aryl]] and [[vinyl halides]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Takai | first1 = K. | ...

...>F</sup>₄]⁻ [[anion]] with four fluorinated [[aryl]] groups distributed [[Tetrahedral molecular geometry|tetrahedrally]] about a centra ...>−</sup>, indicating the presence of fluorinated [[aryl]] (Ar^F) groups. It is sometimes referred to as ''Kobayashi's anion'' in honour of Hiroshi ...

...made exclusively of silicon atoms; the [[Pendant group|pendent]]- or side-groups, are not shared between skeletal atoms of the backbone chain.<ref>A. F. Hol ...rom layered polysilyne by replacing one-half of the hydrogen atoms with OH groups. It has the chemical formula Si₂H₂O (or [Si<sub>6</s ...

...[[Henri Kagan]] observed the reduction of a variety of organic functional groups by samarium(II) iodide under mild conditions.<ref name=orig>{{cite journal ...protic solvent) steps.<ref name=Mol/><ref name=eros/> Reducible functional groups include: ...

...F₅)₃-Catalyzed Reduction of Alcohols and Cleavage of Aryl and Alkyl Ethers with Hydrosilanes † |journal=The Journal of Organic Chemis ...39}}</ref> In organosilane reductions of substrates bearing prostereogenic groups, diastereoselectivity is often high. Reduction of either diastereomer of 2- ...

..., to be specific those transferring aryl or alkyl groups other than methyl groups. The [[List of enzymes|systematic name]] of this enzyme class is phosphoen {{Alkyl and aryl transferases}} ...

...s, New York, '''1978'''</ref> The reaction can be used to transform acetyl groups into [[carboxyl group]]s ({{chem2|R\sC(\dO)OH}}) or to produce [[chloroform ...

...-hydride or metal-alkyl/aryl bond. Generally it is the hydride, alkyl, or aryl group that migrates onto L, which is often CO, an alkene, or alkyne. Widely employed applications of migratory insertion of carbonyl groups are [[hydroformylation]] and the carbonylative production of acetic acid. ...

...ample or 17-β-estradiol and the cell number in the [[Treatment and control groups|control group]]: ...hrine receptor]]), [[orphan receptor]]s (e.g., [[Aryl hydrocarbon receptor|aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)]]), enzymatic pathways involved in steroid biosy ...

...he typical organogel properties. Since precursors with multiple functional groups polymerize into networks of covalent C-C bonds (on average 85 kcal/mol), ne ...al consideration of the kinetics and statistics of reactions of functional groups of macromolecules. Adv. Polym. Sci. 1979, 31, 133-73.</ref> ...

...>−</sup> is readily soluble in [[hydrocarbon]] solvents, presumably due to aryl substituents, Li⁺[Al(O''hfip'')₄]⁻, Li<sup ...dreas|date=2009|title=[(OtBu) 2 C 6 H 3 ] 3 Ge + a free germyl cation with aryl ligands|url=http://xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=B818931E|journal=Dalton Trans.|langua ...

...uperbases. Direct neutral Bronsted base catalyzed Michael reactions with α-aryl esters|volume=137|issue=32|pages=10246–10253|date=2015|doi=10.1021/jacs.5b0 ...]] to its very high [[steric hindrance]] and the involvement of many donor groups in conjugation with the spatially demanding structure of the cation formed ...

...=250835581 }}</ref> After having served their synthetic purpose, sulfonyl groups are often removed. In the presence of certain reducing agents, one of the s ...he more stable radical. Thus, S-alkyl bonds are cleaved in preference to S-aryl or S-alkenyl bonds.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Horner | first1 = L. | las ...

...ctivity, with [[heteroatom]] groups being more reactive than alkyl or aryl groups. Note, however, that the reactivity of the carbenium ion formed is the oppo ...

...t4= Stephenson, Corey R. J. |title=Engaging unactivated alkyl, alkenyl and aryl iodides in visible-light-mediated free radical reactions|journal=Nature Che ...This reaction was demonstrated to be orthogonal to many common protecting groups when a base was added to neutralise the HBr produced. ...

...4=Schnakenburg |first4=Gregor |date=11 September 2006 |title=Activation of Aryl Germanium(II) Chlorides by [Mo(PMe 3 ) 6 ] and [W(η 2 -CH 2 PMe 2 )H(PMe 3 ...ith the metal while the hydrogens form hydrogen bonds with the carboxylate groups. Both experimental and computational work show that the oxygen atom has rou ...