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...the [[diameter]]) and <math>{\lambda}</math> is the [[wavelength]] of the radio [[wave]]. This distance provides the limit between the [[near and far field [[Category:Antennas]] ...

...ition for Extended Hemispherical Lenses Based on Ray Tracing |journal=IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters |date=2016|volume=15 |page=1963 |doi=10.11 [[Category:Antennas (radio)]] ...

...ed for long baseline radio interferometry only in 1974. A minimum of three antennas are required. This method was used for the first [[VLBI]] measurements, and ...rding data at each of the telescopes in a VLBI array.gif|thumb|400px|Three radio telescope receivers.]] ...

...an [[isotropic radiator]] is readily calculated.<ref> ''Reference Data for Radio Engineers'', Howard W.Sams Co.Inc.,{{ISBN|0-672-21218-8}}, p 27-7</ref> ==Antennas== ...

...cient",<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Robert C |title=Phased array antennas |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |pages=Chapter 7.2.3|date=2009}}</ref> howev ...ted by:<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hansen |first1=Robert C |title=Phased array antennas |publisher=John Wiley and Sons |pages=Chapter 7.2.3|date=2009}}</ref> ...

...for multiple-input multiple-output ([[MIMO]]) antenna systems and [[array antennas]], where the outgoing power is unwanted reflected power. The name shows the ...th (signal processing)|bandwidth]] and [[radiation]] performance. When the antennas are made of lossless materials, TARC can be computed directly from the [[sc ...

...This is due to the constructive and destructive interference properties of radio waves. A well designed antenna array, allows the broadcast power to be dire ...mode,<ref>{{cite journal |title=IEEE Standard for definitions of terms for antennas |journal=IEEE STD |date=2014}}</ref> with the time convention <math> e^{j\o ...

.... Mathematically, the equation for [[parabolic antenna|parabolic reflector antennas]] can be expressed as:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ruze |first=J. |date=1966 | ...07111941/http://www.haystack.mit.edu/edu/undergrad/materials/tut6.html The Radio Astronomy tutorial] presented by [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MI ...

...er density at a distance '''d''' from this source<ref>''Reference data for radio Engineers'', Howard W.Sams co, Indianapolis, 1956, 27-7</ref> *[[Antenna (radio)]] ...

...y model.svg|thumb|336x336px|Geometry of the six-ray model with location of antennas of equal heights at any point of the street in top view.]] ...model''' is applied in an urban or indoor environment where a [[Radio wave|radio signal]] transmitted will encounter some objects that produce reflected, [[ ...

...n spiral]] antennas'' are the most popular, while ''[[logarithmic spiral]] antennas'' are independent of frequency:<ref> |title=Antennas ...

{{Antennas|characteristics}} ...[IEEE]] |id=Std 145-2013 |title=IEEE Standard for Definitions of Terms for Antennas}}</ref> ...

...r array]] (ULA) of interconnected transducer elements, e.g. microphones or antennas, where the individual elements are arranged in a straight line spaced at on [[Category:Antennas (radio)]] ...

...-rays model''' is a [[mathematical model]] applied to the transmissions of radio signal in an urban area, ...been demonstrated that the ten ray model simulates or can represent the [[Radio propagation|propagation]] of signals through a [[dielectric]] canyon, in it ...

{{Short description|Lower bound on the quality factor of small radio antennae}} ...'' or '''Chu limit''' sets a lower limit on the [[Q factor]] for a small [[radio antenna]].<ref name="Bing">{{cite book ...

...radio-telescopes have only one receiver at the focus of the telescope, but radio-telescopes are now starting to be equipped with focal plane arrays, which a ...o wavelengths are large, the resulting feed arrays are amongst the largest radio-astronomy receivers ever built. Examples include the multi-beam arrays on t ...

{{Antennas|characteristics}} ...na Equivalent Radius: A Model for Non-Circular Conductors'', QEX, American Radio Relay League, Newington CT, 2017 March/April pp. 10ff.</ref> ...

...ting the RCS of an arbitrarily shaped cavity |journal=IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation |date=1989|volume=37 |issue=2 |page=194 |doi=10.1109/8.1870 [[Category:Antennas (radio)]] ...

...stead of distributing the radar elements throughout the surveillance area, antennas are closely located to obtain better spatial resolution, Doppler resolution ...That is, a 12-element '''virtual antenna array''' is created using only 7 antennas by conducting [[digital signal processing]] on the received signals, thereb ...

{{Short description|Type of radio-frequency coupler}} ...is a type of [[Power dividers and directional couplers|coupler]] used in [[Radio frequency|RF]] and [[microwave]] systems. In its simplest form, it is a [[P ...