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...iddhanta (with Vasana, Vijnana and Hindi Commentary) |date=1966 |publisher=Indian Institute of Astronomical and Sanskrit Research |location=Delhi |pages=155– ...rm ''Pātīgaṇita'' is also the title of a work composed by [[Sridhara]], an Indian mathematician who flourished during the 8th-9th century CE.<ref name=Shukla ...

{{Short description|1356 mathematical treatise by Narayana Pandita}} ...''''' ({{langx|sa|गणितकौमदी}}) is a treatise on [[mathematics]] written by Indian mathematician [[Narayana Pandita (mathematician)|Narayana Pandita]] in 1356 ...

{{Short description|Ancient Indian alphasyllabic numeral system}} ...Malayalam: [[:ml:പരല്‍പ്പേര്|പരല്‍പ്പേര്]]) of numerical notation is an [[ancient]] [[India]]n [[alphasyllabic numeral system]] to depict [[letter (alphabet) ...

...n the 13th century AD, which introduced [[Arab world|Arabian]] and [[India|Indian]] ideas to the continent. It has continued to be studied in the [[modern e [[File:Rhind Mathematical Papyrus.jpg|right|thumb|A portion of the Rhind papyrus]] ...

{{Short description|Mathematical puzzle}} The '''17-animal inheritance puzzle''' is a [[mathematical puzzle]] involving unequal but [[fair item allocation|fair allocation]] of ...

=== Ancient and imperial era === ...an spirits representing 11 pm to 1 am (left) and 5 am to 7 am (right); the ancient Chinese, although discussing it in supernatural terms, acknowledged [[circa ...

...of feudal states of Kerala|principality]] on the [[Malabar Coast]] of the Indian subcontinent during the [[Middle Ages]]. It was governed by the Tanur dynas ...ava's mathematics are being distorted as they are buried under the current mathematical solution to a problem to which he discovered an alternate and powerful solu ...

{{Short description|Mathematical concept}} ...atical object]]s can be studied, manipulated, and used just like any other mathematical object. ...

...ponding to stages in the [[History of mathematical notation|development of mathematical notation]]: a "rhetorical" stage in which calculations are described purely ...l=http://www.math.buffalo.edu/mad/Ancient-Africa/ishango.html|title=an old Mathematical Object|publisher=|accessdate=March 15, 2015}}</ref> ...

...method.<ref>{{cite book|author=Otto Neugebauer |title=A history of ancient mathematical astronomy. 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vO5FCVIxz2YC&pg=PA744 | ...Nasir al-Din al-Tusi]].{{sfnp|Boyer|1991|pp=237, 274}} One of the earliest works on trigonometry by a northern European mathematician is ''De Triangulis'' b ...

...ithmetic]], one of the oldest branches of mathematics. A mathematician who works in the field of geometry is called a ''[[List of geometers|geometer]]''. Un ...geometry; presently a '''geometric space''', or simply a ''space'' is a [[mathematical structure]] on which some geometry is defined. ...

...t: [[Albrecht Dürer]]'s copper plate engraving ''[[Melencolia I]]'', 1514. Mathematical references include a compass for [[geometry]], a [[magic square]] and a [[D ...variety of ways. [[Mathematics]] has itself been described as an [[art]] [[mathematical beauty|motivated by beauty]]. Mathematics can be discerned in arts such as ...

...me into existence through a gigantic endeavor to acquire and translate the ancient sciences of the Greeks between the eighth and ninth centuries. The translat {{Main|Greek contributions to the Islamic world|Indian influence on Islamic science|Christian influences on the Islamic world|Chin ...

== Ancient Egypt == ...l is being spent. This practice has existed in some form for centuries; in ancient [[Egypt]], for example, when grain was often used as currency, local granar ...

...o takes the internal parts of propositions into account, like [[Predicate (mathematical logic)|predicates]] and [[Quantifier (logic)|quantifiers]]. Extended logics ''Formal logic'' (also known as ''symbolic logic'') is widely used in [[mathematical logic]]. It uses a [[Formal system|formal]] approach to study reasoning: it ...

The earliest known reference to an elevator is in the works of the Roman architect [[Vitruvius]], who reported that [[Archimedes]] ({{c ...b.archive.org/web/20210411072722/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/how-ancient-romans-got-wild-animals-colosseum-180955580/ |url-status=live |access-date= ...

==Science in ancient and Medieval Iran (Persia)== ===Ancient technology in Iran=== ...

...of the world [played] a greater role in the evolution of firearms than the ancient Italian valley region known as ''Val Trompia''}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cit ...ebsite=www.treccani.it|language=it-IT|access-date=2019-10-23}}</ref> and [[Mathematical analysis|analysis]],<ref name=":27">{{Cite web|url=https://www-history.mcs. ...

* ''[[Indus (constellation)|Indus]]'' represents an Indian, a word that could refer at the time to any native of Asia or the Americas. ...for [[Diederik Korteweg]] and [[Gustav de Vries]] who, in 1895, proposed a mathematical model which allowed to predict the waves behaviour on shallow water surface ...

...=Flood|first3=Robin J.|last3=Wilson|title=Oxford figures: 800 years of the mathematical sciences|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-852309-3 ...|publisher=Jonathan Cape|year=1951}}</ref> This follows earlier subversive works printed in the city: Shelley and Hogg's pseudonymous burlesque ''[[Posthumo ...