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...inder to be inscribed on his [[Archimedes#Biography|tombstone]]. Later, [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] [[philosophy|philosopher]] [[Cicero|Marcus Tullius Cicero]] re ...-5|page=88}}</ref> A [[Archimedes Palimpsest|palimpsest]] stolen from the Greek Orthodox Church in the early 20th century, which reappeared at auction in 1 ...

...ng|grc|σ}}, word-final lowercase {{lang|grc|ς}}) is the 18th letter of the Greek alphabet. * σ, [[Stefan–Boltzmann constant]] of radiation in physics ...

| origin=Ancient The '''reef knot''', or '''square knot''', is an ancient and simple [[binding knot]] used to secure a rope or line around an object. ...

...>{{cite journal |last=Ossendrijver |first=Mathieu |date=29 Jan 2016 |title=Ancient Babylonian astronomers calculated Jupiter's position from the area under a ...ved by scholars of Merton college.... In principle, the qualities of Greek physics were replaced, at least for motions, by the numerical quantities that have ...

...itle=The biographical dictionary of women in science pioneering lives from ancient times to the mid-20th century. |date=2000 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=0-415- ...g around the Earth while the rest of the planets orbit around the Sun, the physics within the cosmos involves ellipticals and "aphelions."<ref>{{cite book|las ...

| language = [[Ancient Greek]] | genre = [[Physics]], [[Geometry]] ...

...7=M. G.| journal=Nature| volume=444 Supplement| title=Decoding the ancient Greek astronomical calculator known as the Antikythera Mechanism| bibcode=2006Nat ...| last = Hawking | title = On the Shoulders of Giants : the Great Works of Physics and Astronomy | year = 2002 | pages = der Physik | publisher = [[Running Pr ...

From the time of the [[Greek mathematics|ancient Greeks]], the [[Infinity (philosophy)|philosophical nature of infinity]] ha In [[physics]] and [[cosmology]], it is an open question [[Universe#Size and regions|whe ...

|greek prefix=[[Wiktionary:mono-|mono-]]/[[Wiktionary:haplo-|haplo-]] |lang1=[[Greek numeral]] ...

=== Ancient and imperial era === ...an spirits representing 11 pm to 1 am (left) and 5 am to 7 am (right); the ancient Chinese, although discussing it in supernatural terms, acknowledged [[circa ...

...turbations]] due to gravitational interactions with other objects, [[Drag (physics)|atmospheric drag]], [[solar radiation pressure]], a non-[[spherical]] cent ...ectly circular [[geocentricism|geocentric]] paths as taught by the ancient Greek philosophers [[Aristotle]] and [[Ptolemy]]. Variations in the motions of th ...

{{Short description|Description of large objects' physics}} ...[[History of physics#20th century: birth of modern physics|revolutions in physics of the early 20th century]], all of which revealed limitations in classical ...

...e]] has also been proposed.<ref name=nyt>{{Cite news|title=How Old Is This Ancient Vision of the Stars?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/13/science/nebra-s The ancient Hebrews, like all the ancient peoples of the Near East, believed the sky was a solid dome with the [[Sun] ...

Based on ancient Greek methods, an ''axiomatic system'' is a formal description of a way to establ ...mathematical system attributed to the [[Alexandria]]n [[Greek mathematics|Greek mathematician]] [[Euclid]], which he described (although non-rigorously by ...

...d not be exactly determined.<ref>T. K. Puttaswamy, "The Accomplishments of Ancient Indian Mathematicians", pp. 410–11.&nbsp;In: {{citation |title = Mathematic Around 500&nbsp;BC, the [[Greek mathematics|Greek mathematicians]] led by [[Pythagoras]] also realized that the [[square root ...

The theorem is named for the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] philosopher [[Pythagoras]], born around 570 BC. The theorem has been [[M ...gorean proof, but acknowledges from the outset of his discussion "that the Greek literature which we possess belonging to the first five centuries after Pyt ...

...aad8085 |pmid=26823423 |s2cid=206644971}}</ref> South of Egypt the [[Nubia|ancient Nubians]] established a system of geometry including early versions of sun ...ity by Hippasus of Metapontum |year=1945 |title=Classics in the History of Greek Mathematics |series=Annals of Mathematics; Boston Studies in the Philosophy ...

...=Resnick |first2=Robert |last3=Walker |first3=Jearl |title=Fundamentals of Physics |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781118230718 |pages=609, 611 Ancient cultures around the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] knew that certain o ...

== Ancient == *[[Parmenides]] (530&nbsp;BC–460&nbsp;BC), İtalian-Greek philosopher, defender of rationalism in philosophy ...

...athematics]], [[Islamic medicine|Biology and Medicine]], [[Islamic physics|Physics]], [[Islamic science|Science]] ...|first=Olaf|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7M8AAAAIAAJ|title=Early Physics and Astronomy: A Historical Introduction|date=1993-03-11|publisher=CUP Arch ...