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...usually much tighter than the natural borrowing limit due to the immature financial systems of the economy ...o the asymmetric information between lenders and borrowers or more broadly financial market imperfections. ...

...e of its liabilities or promised expenditures. There is no consensus among economists on a precise operational definition for fiscal sustainability, rather diffe There is no consensus among economists about the correct criterion/definition to be used for fiscal sustainability ...

...concerned with mathematical modeling in the [[Finance#Quantitative_finance|financial field]]. ...inance overlaps heavily with the fields of [[computational finance]] and [[financial engineering]]. The latter focuses on applications and modeling, often with ...

...1=Fiebeger|first1=Brett|title=A constructive critique of the Levy Sectoral Financial Balance approach|journal=Real World Economics Review|date=2013|pages=59–80} ...is flowing out), while a deficit balance represents a net borrowing or net financial asset reducing position (i.e., more money is flowing out of the sector than ...

...[[total assets]] to [[net sales]]). This concept provides a comprehensive financial framework and formula for case/ company specific SGR calculations.<ref name ...bility perspective—independent of a given strategy, business model and/ or financial frame condition. This concept is based on statistical long-term assessments ...

...man |first=Milton |year=1968 |title=The Role of Monetary Policy |journal=[[American Economic Review]] |volume=58 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |jstor=1831652 }}</ref> ...ng Worker Power Hypothesis: An explanation for the recent evolution of the American economy |date=May 2020 |type=Working Paper |url=https://www.nber.org/papers ...

...cussion with Friedrich A. von Hayek|place=[[Washington, D.C.]]|publisher=[[American Enterprise Institute]]|pages=12–13|isbn=0844731900|url=http://www.aei.org/w ...e wake of the [[2008 financial crisis|2008 financial crash]] by a group of economists (most notably [[Scott Sumner]]) whose views came to be known as [[market mo ...

...cing]] theory developed in 2000s by a collaboration of Russian and Israeli economists [[Vladimir B. Michaletz]] and [[Andrey I. Artemenkov]].<ref>{{Cite journal ...e hand, from the specific-individual-investor DCF premise developed by the American Economist [[Irving Fisher]] in his Theory of Interest 1930 book<ref>{{cite ...

...ions Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach” The American Economic Review, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 909-923.</ref> utilizing data for 21 [ ...apore]] and [[China]] have partially rejected the underlying Neoclassical “financial orthodoxy” that used to characterize the ‘Washington Consensus’ and initiat ...

{{Use American English|date=January 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}} '''Application to financial markets''' ...

...sms which employees use to participate in their firm's decision making and financial results. ...name=":0" /> Spill-on effects into the wider economy can anchor human and financial capital in domestic industries, which have the potential to increase [[aggr ...

In the context of [[cardinal utility]], liberal economists postulate a '''law of diminishing marginal utility.''' This law states that ...iences can be a challenging and abstract task. To overcome this challenge, economists rely on the consent of '''revealed preferences,''' where they observe the c ...

...(they hold onto equity instead of the debt).<ref name="EconDictionary" /> Economists would indicate that a markup rule on economic cost used by a monopoly to se ...Demand Uncertainty |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1802784 |journal=The American Economic Review |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=347–365 |issn=0002-8282}}</ref> ...

...n]] and [[Piero Sraffa]] at the [[University of Cambridge]] in England and economists such as [[Paul Samuelson]] and [[Robert Solow]] at the [[Massachusetts Inst ..., particularly how broad its implications are, has not been agreed upon by economists. ...

{{short description|American mathematician}} '''Ralph Tyrrell Rockafellar''' (born February 10, 1935) is an American mathematician and one of the leading scholars in [[mathematical optimizatio ...

...emoval]] (CDR). The policy is market-based, and it will offer proportional financial rewards in exchange for verifiable [[Climate change mitigation|climate miti ...bon offset credit.<ref name=":1" /> The carbon currency will function as a financial asset and incentive. ...

...onomics |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=25–41 |doi=10.1146/annurev-financial-110217-023036 |issn=1941-1367|hdl=1721.1/122348 |s2cid=158439236 |hdl-acces {{See also|2007–2008 financial crisis}} ...

[[File:Macro history economists.jpg|thumb|alt=Composite images of various people related to macroeconomic t ...a recession. He argued that this invalidated the assumptions of classical economists who thought that [[market clearing|markets always clear]], leaving no surpl ...

...cs. The young Italian student became in time one of the foremost Cambridge economists of his generation.<ref>Leijonhufvud, 2007, p. 1.</ref> |[[Axel Leijonhufvu ...an era, in the recent history of economic thought. This group of Cambridge economists had been the protagonist of one of those extraordinary and unique events in ...

...m|1965 Soviet Economic Reform]], and it can be seen in the works of Soviet economists such as [[Lev Gatovsky]].<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Bland |first=W. ...https://books.google.com/books?id=hiCYS9Z3lDoC&q=trotsky+the+engineers+and+economists+who+created+this+plan+were+a+few+years+later+sternly+punished |language=en} ...