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{{Beyond the Standard Model|expanded=Theories}} ...gside special relativity results in several contradictions; in particular, aether having a definite velocity at each spacetime point will exhibit a preferred ...

...ichelson–Morley experiment]] on [[Earth]]'s drift through a [[luminiferous aether]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=van Dongen |first=Jeroen |title=On the role of ..."theory" can be used ambiguously in this sense, not to describe scientific theories, but research (sub)fields and programmes. Examples: relativity theory, qua ...

'''[[Test theory|Test theories]] of special relativity''' give a mathematical framework for analyzing resu ...me=Zhang>{{Cite journal | author=Zhang, Yuan Zhong| year=1995 | title=Test theories of special relativity| journal =General Relativity and Gravitation|volume=2 ...

.... T. Whittaker |year=1910 |edition=1 |title=[[A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoftheorie00whit ...

.... Whittaker | year=1910 | edition=1 | title=[[A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity]] | page=[https://archive.org/details/historyoftheorie00whi ...

...=1998 |title=Conventionality of synchronisation, gauge dependence and test theories of relativity |journal=Physics Reports |volume=295 |issue=3–4 |pages=93–180 ...hould not depend on how they were synchronized..."''. He added that aether theories can only be made consistent with relativity by introducing [[ad hoc hypothe ...

...on electromagnetism. In summary, Maxwell's equations successfully unified theories of light and electromagnetism, which is one of the great unifications in ph ...ether. Measurements designed to measure the speed of the Earth through the aether conflicted with this notion, though.{{efn| ...

...e of a [[vector field]], i.e. a 1-dimensional (rank-1) tensor field. Field theories, mathematical descriptions of how field values change in space and time, ar ...waves should depend upon the velocity of the observer with respect to the aether. Despite much effort, no experimental evidence of such an effect was ever f ...

...egative outcome of the [[Michelson–Morley experiment]] left the concept of aether (or its drift) undermined. There was consequent perplexity as to why light ...ervation laws of momentum, energy, and angular momentum). Not all accepted theories respect symmetry under the inversions. ...

However, the theories sharply differ in their predictions in terms of the relation between three- ...ms of particles <math>S_{0}</math> (in a stationary [[Lorentz ether theory|aether]]), and a system <math>S</math> emerging from it by adding a translation, w ...

...le=History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, Vol.1, The Classical Theories |date=1951 |publisher=London: T. Nelson}}</ref><ref name="Stratt">{{cite bo ...

...ooks.google.com/books?id=kt1UAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> <!-- Physicists use [[theory|theories]] to predict measurements of time. What exactly time "is" and how it works ...ed that there was one absolute reference frame, that of the [[luminiferous aether]], in which Maxwell's equations held unmodified in the known form. ...

...taker | first=Edmund, Sir | year=1989 | title=A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity | publisher=Courier Dover Publications | isbn=0-486-26126-3 ...proposed the [[graviton]] (predicted to exist by some [[quantum gravity]] theories) with spin&nbsp;2, and the [[Higgs boson]] (explaining [[electroweak symmet ...

...ert refers to as Einstein's later papers to distinguish them from previous theories of Einstein). None of this bears on the precise origin of the trace term in ...ical axiom and more important 2) it was based on [[Classical unified field theories|Mie unified field theory]].<ref name=MehraEinsteinHilbert/>{{rp|134}} ...

{{see also|Einstein's views on the aether}} :2. A 19th century [[Aether theories|aether theorist]] would have had no difficulties with the thought experiment. Eins ...

...k | last=Whittaker | first=Sir Edmund | title=A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity | publisher=Courier Dover Publications | date=1989-01-01 | ...mean, and the distribution of probabilities, that is predicted by physical theories. ...

.... |title=A history of the theories of aether & electricity. II: The modern theories |date=1989 |publisher=Dover Publ |isbn=978-0-486-26126-3 |edition=Repr |loc ...

...ories of special relativity]] and [[effective field theory|effective field theories]] (EFT) such as the [[Standard-Model Extension]] (SME) have been invented. ...ories of special relativity]] and [[effective field theory|effective field theories]] (EFT) for the evaluation and assessment of many experiments have been dev ...

...n similar problems.<ref>Kuiper, Kathleen (2010). ''The Britannica Guide to Theories and Ideas That Changed the Modern World'', p. 56</ref> They were unaware of ...om a Machian Point of View of the Discovery and the Structure of Dynamical Theories'', p. 454</ref><ref>Matthews, Michael; Gauld, Colin F.; Stinner, Arthur (20 ...

...rve]]s without invoking [[dark matter]], and is one of the most well-known theories of this class. However, it has not gained widespread acceptance, with the m ...non-relativistic hypotheses have been further embedded within relativistic theories, which are capable of making contact with non-classical phenomena (e.g., [[ ...