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...nts the fact that all edges are travelled at the same direction. Since the addition operation is commutative, the + sign represents the fact that the loops a+b ...'1-dimensional chain''. The three cycles mentioned above are 1-dimensional chains, and indeed the relation (a+b+d) + (c-d) = (a+b+c) holds in the group ''C'' ...

...mework for Redundant Number Representations with Bounded Carry Propagation Chains |date=August 1994 |journal=IEEE Transactions on Computers |volume=43 |issue ===Addition=== ...

...shelf-life of paints are all improved by the addition of surfactants. The addition of surfactants to paint also allow the paint to coat a surface more easily ...ties. The water resistance of the coating can be decreased with surfactant addition since surfactants can be very water-soluble and will easily wash out of a c ...

...color when reduced. These dyes permitted the finding of electron transport chains during photosynthesis. ...an electron acceptor such as [[ferricyanide]] increase similarly with the addition of [[phosphate]], [[magnesium]] (Mg), and [[Adenosine triphosphate|ADP]]. T ...

...al, and thus [[biocompatibility]], is governed by surface interactions. In addition, [[surface science]] is integral part of the formulation, manufacturing, an A polymeric material can be functionalized by the addition of small [[Moiety (chemistry)|moieties]], [[Oligomer|oligomers]], and even ...

The [[steady-state]] concentration of the growing polymer chains is 10⁻⁷ M by order of magnitude, and the average life time of an ...ame probability of growth is ensured for all chains, i.e., on average, all chains are growing at the same rate. Consequently, rather than a most probable dis ...

...workpiece, this is unfortunately limited to axial symmetric workpieces. In addition to rotational motion there is oscillatory and vibrational configurations th ...y Wt, this refers to the energy required to counteract the curved magnetic chains. ...

...the formation of a stable, long-term continuous phase. It is done via the addition of a reactive polymer, miscible with one blend component and reactive towar ...ht, the change in entropy experienced from the mixing of two large polymer chains is very low, and typically does not bring the Gibbs free energy low enough ...

...lectron-donating substituent]]s and [[heterocycle]]s. Similar to [[Anionic addition polymerization|anionic polymerization]] reactions, cationic polymerization ...ugh to attack [[Electrophile|electrophilic]] initiators or growing polymer chains. At the same time, these electron-donating groups attached to the monomer m ...

In addition to these general categories of maps, there are maps with special properties ...are used to define the [[fundamental group]], [[Chain (algebraic topology)|chains]] in [[homology theory]], [[geodesic]] curves, and [[systolic geometry]]. ...

...all. Below the T_g, molecular motion is stopped and the polymer chains are essentially frozen in place. In this temperature range, amorphous regio ...d to describe the rate at which secondary nucleation competes with lateral addition at the growth front among the different temperatures. This theory can be us ...

...plete lattice]], which has both infinite ascending and infinite descending chains. A subset of this lattice is known as a {{Visible anchor|refinement graph|t ...ne redundant clauses.{{sfn|Waldmann|Tourret|Robillard|Blanchette|2022}} In addition, θ-subsumption is the most prominent notion of entailment used in [[inducti ...

* '''Planar 3SAT with a variable-cycle''': Here, in addition to the incidence-graph, the graph also includes a [[Cycle (graph theory)|cy === Flat folding of fixed-angle chains === ...

=== Regular chains === ...sual way of representing the solutions is through zero-dimensional regular chains. Such a chain consists of a sequence of polynomials {{math|''f''<sub>1</sub ...

...on of bond vector set and monomer shape in this model ensures that polymer chains cannot cross each other, without explicit test of the local [[topology]]. ...nal. The resulting bond lengths are <math>1, \sqrt{2}, \sqrt{3}</math>. In addition to the bond length constraint, polymers should not be allowed to cross. Thi ...

...olecular]] polymer [[gel]] constructed of a network of crosslinked polymer chains. Hydrogels are synthesized from [[hydrophilic]] monomers by either chain or ...olymer chains that make up hydrogels. Their properties depend on how these chains are crosslinked. ...

...</math>. This models a population with births by each population member in addition to a constant rate of immigration into the system.{{sfnp|Grimmett|Stirzaker * {{cite book |last=Norris |first=J.R. |title=Markov Chains |year=1997 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780511810633}} ...

...tate deliveries to the desired area at the desired time and quantities. In addition, responsible authorities aim at maximizing responsiveness and minimizing di ...-01-01 |title=The role of intermodal transportation in humanitarian supply chains|journal=Journal of Emergency Management |volume=9 |issue=1 |page=25 |doi=10 ...

...residues are commonly used for this type of conjugation through a Michael addition, but they tend to undergo exchange reactions which makes them unstable for ...residues into 4RepCT, yielding <math>4RepCT^{3Aha}</math>. The azide side chains of L-Aha allow highly specific and efficient site-specific conjugation to a ...

====Addition==== A binary addition operator <math>(\text{HECS},+)</math> has been defined as ...