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* 5th century BC - The [[Zeno's paradoxes]], * 5th century BC - [[Antiphon (orator)|Antiphon]] attempts to [[Squaring the circle|square t ...

...tudy in [[Europe]] dates to the work of [[Leonardo Fibonacci]] in the 13th century AD, which introduced [[Arab world|Arabian]] and [[India|Indian]] ideas to t ...from problem 79 of the [[Rhind papyrus]], which dates to the 16th century BC. The problem concerns a certain [[geometric series]], and has similarities ...

...l al-Dhabba'i, Iraq. 2003-1595 BCE. Iraq Museum.jpg|created={{circa}} 1770 BC|caption=Clay tablet, IM 67118, mathematical, geometric-algebraic, similar t ...his is a simple idea, and it is likely that it was known by Old Babylonian mathematicians, although no cuneiform mathematical text has yet been found where this idea ...

...ardians of Day and Night, Han Dynasty.jpg|thumb|right|[[Han dynasty]] (202 BC – 220 AD) paintings on tile of Chinese guardian spirits representing 11 pm ...culation was used in calendrical mathematics by [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) mathematicians such as [[Li Chunfeng]] (602–670) and [[Yi Xing]] (683–727) in order to det ...

...{tmath|\R}}.<ref>{{cite book |title=[[Oxford English Dictionary]] |edition=3rd |year=2008| chapter=real |at='real', ''n.2'', B.4 |quote=''Mathematics.'' A The adjective ''real'', used in the 17th century by [[René Descartes]], distinguishes real numbers from [[imaginary number]] ...

===Before 1000 BC=== * ca. [[Middle Paleolithic|70,000 BC]]&nbsp;– South Africa, ochre rocks adorned with scratched [[Geometry|geomet ...

...focused on the [[Ptolemy's table of chords|calculation of chords]], while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric rati ...PA235 235–236]|loc="Appendix 1: Hipparchus's Table of Chords"}} In the 2nd century AD, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer [[Ptolemy]] (from Alexandria, Egypt) cons ...

...nd, if so, how this could be done.<ref name=":1" /> At the end of the 19th century, [[Georg Cantor]] enlarged the mathematical study of infinity by studying [ ...idea of infinity in Greece may be that of [[Anaximander]] (c. 610 – c. 546 BC) a [[Pre-Socratic philosophy|pre-Socratic]] Greek philosopher. He used the ...

...) from these. Although many of Euclid's results had been stated by earlier mathematicians,<ref name="Eves 1963 loc=p. 19">{{harvnb|Eves|1963|loc=p. 19}}</ref> Euclid ...clidean are known, the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century. ...

...peared throughout history, including the work of [[Desargues]] in the 17th century, all the way back to the implicit use of [[spherical geometry]] to understa ...the theory of [[manifold]]s and [[Riemannian geometry]]. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries without the [[parallel postulate]] ([[non-Eucl ...

...[[Euclid]] and published in his ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'' in 300 BC. ...with a few references as far back as the Babylonian empire circa 1700&nbsp;BC. They involve the general theme of adding or subtracting fractions of a pi ...

...r the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] philosopher [[Pythagoras]], born around 570 BC. The theorem has been [[Mathematical proof|proved]] numerous times by many ...] ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'', and mentions the proposals of German mathematicians [[Carl Anton Bretschneider]] and [[Hermann Hankel]] that Pythagoras may hav ...

...r designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}}{{efn|Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use ...ays; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see [[List of a ...

...Greek mathematicians]] studied conic sections, culminating around 200&nbsp;BC with [[Apollonius of Perga]]'s systematic work on their properties. ...first definition of a conic section was given by [[Menaechmus]] (died 320 BC) as part of his solution of the Delian problem ([[Duplicating the cube]]).{ ...

...idpoints <math>M_1</math> of <math>AC</math> and <math>M_2</math> of <math>BC,</math> and let <math>A',</math> <math>B',</math> and <math>C'</math> be th ...</math> be the center in the plane of the circular arc to which side <math>BC</math> projects. Then <math>\square OBEC</math> is a [[right kite]], so the ...

{{Short description|17th-century conjecture proved by Andrew Wiles in 1994}} ...wn as a [[conjecture]] rather than a theorem. After 358 years of effort by mathematicians, [[Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem|the first successful proof]] was ...

...school geometry: evolution of the two-column proof in the early twentieth century |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020264906740 |journal=Edu ...red via [[Advanced Placement]] program ([[AP Calculus]] AB and AP Calculus BC) is a transfer-level course—that is, it can be accepted by a college as a c ...

* [[Law]] — [[Ancient Egypt]]ian law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, was based on the concept of [[Ma'at]] and characterised by tradition, [[rh ...y appearing in the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] (c.2055–1650 BC).<ref>{{Cite book |first1= John Coleman |last1= Darnell |author-link1= John ...

...modern formal logic, which has its roots in the work of late 19th-century mathematicians such as [[Gottlob Frege]]. Today, the most commonly used system is [[classi ...roduction: Philosophy of logic today, pp. 1–12}} Starting in the late 19th century, many new formal systems have been proposed. There are disagreements about ...

..., who made extensive use of this special case of Taylor series in the 18th century.}} ...ic field.{{Rp|ch13}}<ref>Purcell, Edward. p278. Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd edition, [[Cambridge University Press]], 2013. 839pp.</ref> A [[permanent ...