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...of the world including ancient China and Europe. A precursor to the later Chinese [[imperial examination]]s was in place since the [[Han dynasty]], during wh ...sical ability, but the military exam never had a significant impact on the Chinese officer corps and military degrees were seen as inferior to their civil cou ...

...tical beauty arises in a Math Circle activity on [[symmetry]] designed for 2nd and 3rd graders, where students create their own snowflakes by folding a sq Twentieth-century French philosopher [[Alain Badiou]] claimed that [[ontology]] is mathematic ...

...peared throughout history, including the work of [[Desargues]] in the 17th century, all the way back to the implicit use of [[spherical geometry]] to understa ...the theory of [[manifold]]s and [[Riemannian geometry]]. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries without the [[parallel postulate]] ([[non-Eucl ...

...laced by modern formal logic, which has its roots in the work of late 19th-century mathematicians such as [[Gottlob Frege]]. Today, the most commonly used sys ...roduction: Philosophy of logic today, pp. 1–12}} Starting in the late 19th century, many new formal systems have been proposed. There are disagreements about ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement in Baghdad and Early 'Abbāsid Society (2nd-4th/8th-10th Centuries) |location=London |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}{{page n ...

...teseerx=10.1.1.58.8477 |s2cid=13387519 }}</ref> by [[Paolo Uccello]]. 15th century]] ...List of mathematical artists|Artists have used mathematics]] since the 4th century BC when the Greek [[sculpture|sculptor]] [[Polykleitos]] wrote [[Polykleito ...

Iranian philosophers and inventors may have created the first batteries (sometimes known as the ...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...