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...is. Nécrologie", ''Bulletin des sciences mathématiques et astronomiques'', 2nd série, 4(1): 343–8</ref><ref>{{Citation ...The concept of [[vector addition]] was written by Bellavitis as:<math>AB + BC \bumpeq AC .</math> According to Laissant, Bellavitis published works in "a ...

...tudy in [[Europe]] dates to the work of [[Leonardo Fibonacci]] in the 13th century AD, which introduced [[Arab world|Arabian]] and [[India|Indian]] ideas to t ...from problem 79 of the [[Rhind papyrus]], which dates to the 16th century BC. The problem concerns a certain [[geometric series]], and has similarities ...

...nto one of these lengths as well as the other. Hippasus in the 5th century BC, however, was able to deduce that there was no common unit of measure, and [[Greek mathematics|Greek mathematicians]] termed this ratio of incommensurable magnitudes ''alogos'', or inexpressi ...

===Before 1000 BC=== * ca. [[Middle Paleolithic|70,000 BC]]&nbsp;– South Africa, ochre rocks adorned with scratched [[Geometry|geomet ...

...nd, if so, how this could be done.<ref name=":1" /> At the end of the 19th century, [[Georg Cantor]] enlarged the mathematical study of infinity by studying [ ...idea of infinity in Greece may be that of [[Anaximander]] (c. 610 – c. 546 BC) a [[Pre-Socratic philosophy|pre-Socratic]] Greek philosopher. He used the ...

...over a field]]. The term ''abstract algebra'' was coined in the early 20th century to distinguish it from older parts of algebra, and more specifically from [ ...et of concepts. This unification occurred in the early decades of the 20th century and resulted in the formal [[axiom]]atic definitions of various [[algebraic ...

...focused on the [[Ptolemy's table of chords|calculation of chords]], while mathematicians in India created the earliest-known tables of values for trigonometric rati ...PA235 235–236]|loc="Appendix 1: Hipparchus's Table of Chords"}} In the 2nd century AD, the Greco-Egyptian astronomer [[Ptolemy]] (from Alexandria, Egypt) cons ...

...ardians of Day and Night, Han Dynasty.jpg|thumb|right|[[Han dynasty]] (202 BC – 220 AD) paintings on tile of Chinese guardian spirits representing 11 pm ...culation was used in calendrical mathematics by [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907) mathematicians such as [[Li Chunfeng]] (602–670) and [[Yi Xing]] (683–727) in order to det ...

...) from these. Although many of Euclid's results had been stated by earlier mathematicians,<ref name="Eves 1963 loc=p. 19">{{harvnb|Eves|1963|loc=p. 19}}</ref> Euclid ...clidean are known, the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century. ...

...y a special symbol (e.g., an [[Letter (alphabet)|alphabet letter]]), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple [[mathematical problem]]s.<re ...=Tatersall |first1=James |title=Elementary number theory in nine chapters (2nd ed.) |date=2005}}</ref> The golden ratio has the slowest convergence of any ...

...Greek mathematicians]] studied conic sections, culminating around 200&nbsp;BC with [[Apollonius of Perga]]'s systematic work on their properties. ...first definition of a conic section was given by [[Menaechmus]] (died 320 BC) as part of his solution of the Delian problem ([[Duplicating the cube]]).{ ...

...r the [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] philosopher [[Pythagoras]], born around 570 BC. The theorem has been [[Mathematical proof|proved]] numerous times by many ...] ''[[Euclid's Elements|Elements]]'', and mentions the proposals of German mathematicians [[Carl Anton Bretschneider]] and [[Hermann Hankel]] that Pythagoras may hav ...

...peared throughout history, including the work of [[Desargues]] in the 17th century, all the way back to the implicit use of [[spherical geometry]] to understa ...the theory of [[manifold]]s and [[Riemannian geometry]]. Later in the 19th century, it appeared that geometries without the [[parallel postulate]] ([[non-Eucl ...

...r designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}}{{efn|Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use ...ays; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see [[List of a ...

{{Short description|17th-century conjecture proved by Andrew Wiles in 1994}} ...wn as a [[conjecture]] rather than a theorem. After 358 years of effort by mathematicians, [[Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem|the first successful proof]] was ...

...school geometry: evolution of the two-column proof in the early twentieth century |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1020264906740 |journal=Edu ...em |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-495-01357-0 |edition=2nd |author-link=James Stewart (mathematician)}}</ref> Precalculus is a prerequ ...

...idpoints <math>M_1</math> of <math>AC</math> and <math>M_2</math> of <math>BC,</math> and let <math>A',</math> <math>B',</math> and <math>C'</math> be th ...</math> be the center in the plane of the circular arc to which side <math>BC</math> projects. Then <math>\square OBEC</math> is a [[right kite]], so the ...

* [[Law]] — [[Ancient Egypt]]ian law, dating as far back as 3000 BC, was based on the concept of [[Ma'at]] and characterised by tradition, [[rh ...y appearing in the [[Middle Kingdom of Egypt|Middle Kingdom]] (c.2055–1650 BC).<ref>{{Cite book |first1= John Coleman |last1= Darnell |author-link1= John ...

(a + bi)\cdot (c + di) &=& (ac - bd) + (ad + bc)i Mathematicians of the nineteenth century assumed that algebraic numbers were a type of complex number.<ref>{{citatio ...

...teseerx=10.1.1.58.8477 |s2cid=13387519 }}</ref> by [[Paolo Uccello]]. 15th century]] ...mathematical artists|Artists have used mathematics]] since the 4th century BC when the Greek [[sculpture|sculptor]] [[Polykleitos]] wrote [[Polykleitos#C ...