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This is a '''list of notable Italian scientists''' organized by the era in which they were active. ...no]] (c. 1280–c. 1349), physician and inventor who became one of the first writers to include [[illustration]]s in a work on [[anatomy]]<ref>Schlager, Neil; L ...

...in to [[Adelina Patti]] (1843–1919), a celebrated soprano.<ref>Adelina, an Italian born in Madrid, came of age in New York. She became a world-wide star of th ...omforting. There was always a group of radicals, malcontents, and indigent writers, intermingled with painters and dancers, waiting to be recharged by Carmeli ...

...r designed by a commission assembled by Pope Gregory XIII in the sixteenth century."}}{{efn|Many countries that use other calendars for religious purposes use ...ays; when Russia and Greece did so (for their civil calendars) in the 20th century, the jump was 13 days. For other countries and territories, see [[List of a ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

...laced by modern formal logic, which has its roots in the work of late 19th-century mathematicians such as [[Gottlob Frege]]. Today, the most commonly used sys ...roduction: Philosophy of logic today, pp. 1–12}} Starting in the late 19th century, many new formal systems have been proposed. There are disagreements about ...

==Recorded history before 12th century== ...Oxford|access-date=14 October 2014|url=http://www.visitoruk.com/Oxford/8th-century-T4311.html}}</ref> ...

...Charles Tilly]]). Almost all socialist countries that appeared in the 20th century arose out of wars. words ''pris'' or ''prix'' (French), ''Preis'' (German), ''prezzo'' (Italian), ''precio'' (Spanish), ''preço'' (Portuguese) and ''price'' (English) were ...

...ue-4-2012/age-management-as-a-tool-for-the-demographic-decline-in-the-21st-century-an-overview-of-its-characteristics|journal=Journal of Entrepreneurship, Man ...n Article 73, Paragraph 3 of the Constitution (disposition added after the 20th Amendment).<ref name="CF-BR" /> ...

...significant advances in the [[history of cartography]], inspiring the 19th century map historian [[Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld|Adolf Nordenskiöld]] to write "The ...versa, but the age of discovery, from the closing decade of the fifteenth century, stimulated the integration of these two mapping traditions: Mercator's wor ...