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...s]], and [[W. V. O. Quine]].<ref>Czesław Lejewski, "Logic and Existence" ''British Journal for the Philosophy of Science''; Vol. 5 (1954–5), pp. 104–119, foot ...tion of an unrestricted logic.<ref>Czesław Lejewski, "Logic and Existence" British Journal for the Philosophy of Science Vol. 5 (1954–5), pp. 104–119</ref> ...

| nationality = British ...structures in a self-dual category'. Although not accepted by professional philosophers of science, the philosophy has provided a point of view behind most of his ...

...usefulness with the production of pleasure and avoidance of pain by moral philosophers, Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill.<ref>[[Jeremy Bentham|Bentham, Jeremy] [[Alfred Marshall]], a British economist, observed that as you accumulate more of something, your desire f ...

...countries' [[Soviet-type economic planning|economic planning]] in the 20th century. According to economists such as [[George Stigler]] and [[Robert Solow]], M ...s its starting point the work of the best-known economists of his day, the British moral philosopher turned economist [[Adam Smith]] as well as [[David Ricard ...

.... Various logical formal systems or logics have been developed in the 20th century and it is the task of the philosophy of logic to classify them, to show how ...losophy is also reflected in the fact that many famous logicians were also philosophers.<ref name="Jacquette"/> The philosophy of logic is closely related to [[met ...

...tions occurred at the beginning of the Mongol [[Yuan dynasty]] in the 13th century, but was later brought back with regional quotas which favored the Mongols [[File:Tripos_exam_1842.jpg|thumb|From the mid 19th century, universities began to institute written examinations to assess the aptitud ...

...|Columba]] is a small, faint [[constellation]] named in the late sixteenth century. Its name is [[Latin]] for [[dove]]. It is located just south of [[Canis Ma ...aint constellation in the [[southern sky]], first defined in the late 16th century. Its name means "no feet" in Greek, and it represents a [[bird-of-paradise] ...

...British Agriculture|great agricultural depression]] during the early 20th century.<ref name="SA" /> His paternal great-grandmother saved the family from fina ...cal physics]] questions rather than those requiring factual knowledge. A [[British undergraduate degree classification#First Class Honours|first-class degree] ...

...[[history of Islam]], traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.<ref name=Saliba>{{cite book|last=Saliba |first=George |author-link=George ...phor of a [[Golden age (metaphor)|golden age]] began to be applied in 19th-century literature about [[Islamic history]], in the context of the western aesthet ...

...me more mathematical as a discipline throughout the first half of the 20th century, but introduction of new and generalized techniques in the period around th ...tics in the service of social and economic analysis dates back to the 17th century. Then, mainly in [[Holy Roman Empire|German]] universities, a style of ins ...

{{Redirect-multi|2|Logical|Logically|the rapper|Logic (rapper)|the British company|Logically (company)}} ...laced by modern formal logic, which has its roots in the work of late 19th-century mathematicians such as [[Gottlob Frege]]. Today, the most commonly used sys ...

...teseerx=10.1.1.58.8477 |s2cid=13387519 }}</ref> by [[Paolo Uccello]]. 15th century]] ...List of mathematical artists|Artists have used mathematics]] since the 4th century BC when the Greek [[sculpture|sculptor]] [[Polykleitos]] wrote [[Polykleito ...

{{Use British English|date=June 2017}} ==Recorded history before 12th century== ...

Iranian philosophers and inventors may have created the first batteries (sometimes known as the ...or [[panemone windmill]] first appeared in [[Greater Iran]] during the 9th century.<ref>Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, ...

...mented battle in the history of the world is the [[Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC)|Battle of Megiddo]].<ref name="Dupay">Trevor N. Dupuy, ''Evolution of W * [[Catapult]] — A Catapult dating to the 19th century B.C was found on the walls of the fortress of [[Buhen]].<ref name="wac">{{C ...

...m, as well as to various movements of the late 19th century and early 20th century such as [[Luminism (American art style)|American]], [[Belgium|Belgian]], an ...lso the variant of the urban landscape, frequent especially since the 20th century, in which a factor to take into account is the artificial illumination of t ...

...of the House of Representatives to honor the life and achievements of 19th Century Italian-American inventor Antonio Meucci, and his work in the invention of ...Amati/Amaticello.html|title=Violoncello by Andrea Amati, Cremona, Mid-16th Century|website=collections.nmmusd.org|access-date=2019-11-05}}</ref> ...