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{{short description|Overview of science and technology in Russia}} [[File:Shukhov tower shabolovka moscow 02.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Shukhov Tower]] in Moscow]] ...

...ok |last1=Ghosh |first1=Santikumar |title=Monetization of an Economy |date=1964 |publisher=World Press |page=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3Ya ...goods and services of an economy that is monetized—being actually paid for in money by the purchaser—to substitute bartering.<ref name="FTM">{{cite journ ...

...ymmetry is used to describe [[Magnetic space group|magnetic crystals]] and in other areas of physics,<ref name=Padmanabhan>Padmanabhan, H., Munro, J.M., ...ke a white object, such as a triangle, and apply a colour change resulting in a black triangle. Applying the colour change once more yields the original ...

...[[cyclotron]]) and the use of alternating gradient [[strong focusing]] (as in a [[synchrotron]]).<ref name=briefhistory>{{Cite journal ...e, or the magnetic field must be increased over time to hold the particles in a constant size orbit. Fixed-field machines, such as cyclotrons and FFAs, u ...

| death_place = [[Lizzano in Belvedere]], Italy A.M. Vinogradov was born on 18 February 1938 in [[Novorossiysk]]. His father, Mikhail Ivanovich Vinogradov, was a hydraulic ...

...ics|mathematical]] problems selected by the [[Clay Mathematics Institute]] in 2000. The Clay Institute has pledged a US $1 million prize for the first co ...e awarded the monetary prize to Russian mathematician [[Grigori Perelman]] in 2010. However, he declined the award as it was not also offered to [[Richar ...

...ine a [[random variable]] ''Y'' as the sum of the number of larvae hatched in each group (given ''j'' groups). Therefore, ''Y'' = ''X''₁ + ''X ...te= 1953 |title= Experimental evidence concerning contagious distributions in ecology |journal = Biometrika|volume=40 |issue=1–2 |pages=186–211 |doi=10.1 ...

| birth_place = [[Russia]] ...ко}}, born February 6, 1949) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician working in [[geometry]], [[topology]], [[combinatorics]] and [[mathematical physics]]. ...

{{Short description|Concept in mathematical set theory}} ...ets are not [[disjoint sets]], since they always have at least one element in common. Descriptively close sets contain elements that have matching descri ...

...ng used improperly, as the sources referenced as exemplars should be named in running text, not merely as citations.|date=December 2023}} '''Alexander G. Ramm''' (born 1940 in St. Petersburg, Russia) is an American mathematician. His research focuses on differential and int ...

...y]] for electricity or heat. Another use is for scientific observation, as in a [[Mössbauer spectrometer]]. The most common type is a [[radioisotope ther ...United States tested the [[SNAP-10A]] nuclear reactor in space for 43 days in 1965,<ref name=zaitsev/> with the next test of a nuclear reactor power syst ...

...ive. It was estimated by the United Nations to have exceeded eight billion in mid-November 2022. It took around 300,000 years of human [[prehistory]] and ...phy|demographers]] predict that the human population will begin to decline in the second half of the 21st century.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Cave |first1=Da ...

...ter (31356290535).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|A diver enters crystal clear water in Lake Huron.]] ...a descriptive term for how deeply visible light penetrates through water. In addition to light penetration, the term water clarity is also often used to ...

...st=Julia |editor2-last=Krug |editor2-first=Manfred |title=Research Methods in Language Variation and Change: Computer mapping of language data |date= 24 In teaching technical geography, instructors often need to fall back on exampl ...

...any area of mathematics, geometry is the branch of elementary mathematics in which this method has most extensively been successfully applied.<ref>{{har There are several components of an axiomatic system.<ref>{{harvnb|Wylie|1964|loc=p. 8}}</ref> ...

...des ([[Neptunium]], [[Americium]] and [[Curium]]) in appropriate reactors. In order to fulfill this objective, selective extracting agents need to be des ...red.<ref name="IAEA-2018">{{cite book |last1=IAEA |title=Status and Trends in Spent Fuel and Radioactive Waste Management. |year=2018 |publisher=IAEA |lo ...

The '''history of nuclear fusion''' began early in the 20th century as an inquiry into how stars powered themselves and expand ...ly 2015}}</ref> [[Quantum tunneling]] was discovered by [[Friedrich Hund]] in 1929, and shortly afterwards [[Robert d'Escourt Atkinson|Robert Atkinson]] ...

{{Short description|Overview of scientific and technological developments in Iran/Persia}} ...using its [[safir (rocket)|own launcher]] and the sixth to send [[animals in space]].]] ...

The following events occurred in '''July 1962''': ...962 |page=5}}</ref> [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] of the [[Hutu]] tribe was sworn in as [[President of Rwanda]] at [[Kigali]], and [[Mwambutsa IV of Burundi|Mwa ...

{{About|the flag of the People's Republic of China since its creation in 1949|the flag of the Republic of China, commonly known as the flag of Taiwa | Design = A large golden star within an arc of four smaller golden stars, in the canton, on a field of [[Chinese red]]. ...