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...de''' such as '''Zatocoding''' is a kind of [[hash code]] that was popular in [[Edge-notched card|marginal punched-card systems]]. Every card in a stack had the same set of pre-punched holes. ...

...ciation or hydrolysis of the acid and the base in solution are negligible (in other words, that the formal concentration is the same as the equilibrium c ...troduce [OH⁻] = ''K''_w/[H⁺]. This results in the following [[cubic equation]] for [H⁺], which can be solved e ...

...on#Modular arithmetic|congruence]]s. It was developed by [[Atle Selberg]] in the 1940s. ...ple]]. Selberg replaced the values of the [[Möbius function]] which arise in this by a system of weights which are then optimised to fit the given probl ...

...of the family of all solutions to the problem. It was originally described in the 1970s by [[John Horton Conway]] and [[Donald Knuth]].{{r|knuth|hwang}} ...ce. The family of all rotations and their partial order can be constructed in [[polynomial time]], leading to polynomial time solutions for other problem ...

...s way. It is named after [[Garrett Birkhoff]], who published a proof of it in 1937.<ref name="birkhoff">{{harvtxt|Birkhoff|1937}}.</ref> ...ined in this way is a distributive lattice. Birkhoff's theorem states that in fact ''all'' finite distributive lattices can be obtained this way, and lat ...

| known_for = Linear plots in enzyme kinetics; political activism ...trition, public health, statistics, and computer science. His name appears in the '''[[Hanes–Woolf plot]]''' for [[Enzyme kinetics|enzyme kinetic]] data. ...

...].<ref>[[Emmanuel Rashba|E. I. Rashba]], Cyclotron and combined resonances in a perpendicular field, Sov. Phys. Solid State '''2''', 1109 -1122 (1960)</r ...r [[magnetic storage]] devices. The emergent field of [[spintronics]] aims in unifying the operations of these subsystems. For achieving this goal, the e ...

...bjects (represented as [[computer]] files) expressed as the number of bits in the shortest program which transforms one object into the other one or vice ...he Kolmogorov complexity of a ''single'' finite object is the information in that object; the information distance between a ''pair'' of finite objects ...

...rimental conditions in chemical reactions by a number of scientists listed in Anderson's paper. A MATLAB code reproducing the sequential procedure for th ...mathematical analysis. RS works by iteratively moving to better positions in the search space, which are sampled from a [[hypersphere]] surrounding the ...

{{About|aliasing in statistics, in particular fractional factorial designs|other uses|Aliasing (disambiguation In the statistical theory of [[factorial experiment]]s, '''aliasing''' is the ...

...infinite [[sequence]] of arithmetic operations (called ''hyperoperations'' in this context){{sfn|Geisler|2003}}{{sfn|Robbins|2005}}{{sfn|Rubtsov|Romerio| ...etc.) {{sfn|Goodstein|1947}} and can be written as using ''n'' − 2 arrows in [[Knuth's up-arrow notation]]. ...

...anifolds]]. [[Jean Dieudonné]] wrote that cobordism returns to the attempt in 1895 to define [[homology theory]] using only (smooth) manifolds.<ref name= ...amental theorem of calculus]] is the basic result in [[integral calculus]] in one dimension, and a primal "integral theorem". An [[antiderivative]] of a ...

...respect to ''K'' acting by right [[convolution]]. It is [[commutative]] if in addition ''G''/''K'' is a [[symmetric space]], for example when ''G'' is a ...fferential equations]]: they were obtained in full generality in the 1960s in terms of [[Harish-Chandra's c-function]]. ...

...|last3=Margaliot |first3=Michael |date=2023-03-15 |title=Compound matrices in systems and control theory: a tutorial |url=https://link.springer.com/10.10 ...ces requires only that the matrix have entries in a [[commutative ring]]. In this case, the matrix corresponds to a [[module homomorphism|homomorphism]] ...

{{Short description|Matrix used in complex analysis}} ...Grunsky matrix and its associated inequalities were originally formulated in a more general setting of univalent functions between a region bounded by f ...

...ican Mathematical Society (2009) II.2]], showing how combinations of waves in non-commensurable frequencies cannot repeat their resultant patterns exactl ...on also credited Roberts with calculating the astronomical ratios embodied in the machine, and Légé with design of the drive gear details; Roberts claime ...

...maintained/stored until it is changed by the set/reset process. The value in the memory cell can be accessed by reading it. Over the [[history of computing]], different memory cell architectures have been used, including [[Magnetic ...

...ian traditional sense. All these persons will be, most likely, well versed in the subdisciplines of mathematics and astronomy as well. The list is an ada ...tradition".<ref name=kch1>K. Chandra Hari (25 Oct 2007) [http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/oct252007/1177.pdf Critical Evidence to Fix the Native Place of Āry ...

...ibution]] of response thresholds. An example where dose-finding is used is in an experiment to estimate the [[median lethal dose|LD₅₀]] of som ...rnoy biased-coin UDD targeting approximately the 20.6% percentile, and a k-in-a-row / "transformed" UDD targeting the same percentile.]] ...

...as main memory in [[personal computers]], [[workstation]]s, and [[Server (computing)|server]]s.]] ...t of time irrespective of the physical location of data inside the memory, in contrast with other direct-access data storage media (such as [[hard disk]] ...